About linux

vishwa v — Mon, 01 Jun 2026 16:32:57 +0000

Introduction to Linux
Linux is based on the UNIX operating system. UNIX is a powerful, multi-user, multitasking operating system originally developed in the 1970s at AT&T Bell Labs. It laid the foundation for many modern operating systems, including Linux.

Linux is free and open-source, accessible to everyone.
This promotes global collaboration and innovation.
Linux offers efficient performance and strong security.
It works well across many devices and industries.

Why Linux

Offers high security and stability, making it ideal for servers and development work.
Fully open-source and free to use, modify, and distribute.
Highly flexible and customizable to suit different user and industry needs.
Supported by a large global community and a vast software ecosystem.Most server company run linux
Most AI tools are work based on linux example:pytorch,Tensorflow,Docker,Kubernetes

kubernates is an open-source platform designed to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

Docker is an open-source platform that allows developers to package applications and their dependencies into lightweight, portable containers, ensuring consistent performance across different environments.

Components of Linux

1.kernel
The kernel is the core of the Linux operating system that manages hardware resources and controls communication between software and hardware.

Handles process management, memory, and device control.
Prevents conflicts between multiple running programs.
Types of Kernels: Monolithic, Microkernel, Hybrid, Exokernel

2.System Libraries
System libraries provide essential functions that allow applications to interact with the kernel without needing to access it directly.

Contain reusable pre-written code for common system operations.
Act as an interface between applications and the Linux kernel.

3.Shell
The shell is the command-line interface that allows users to communicate with the operating system by entering commands.

Interprets and executes user commands.
Acts as a bridge between user actions and kernel processing.

4.Hardware Layer
The hardware layer consists of physical components that execute commands and provide system resources.

Includes CPU, RAM, storage, and input/output devices.
Communicates with the OS using device drivers and kernel services.

5.System Utilities
System utilities are built-in tools that help users manage, configure, and maintain the operating system.

Used for tasks like software installation, user management, and monitoring.
Simplify system administration processes for both beginners and administrators.

Linux Commands
Basic tools for utilizing the command line interface (CLI) to communicate with the operating system are Linux commands. Commonly used commands like:

ls : Lists contents of directories
cd : Changes the current directory
pwd : Displays the current directory path
cp, mv, rm : Used to copy, move, and delete files respectively
free : Shows memory usage
df : Checks disk space usage
top : Monitors running processes
ss , ip ,ping : Help monitor and troubleshoot network connections

Applications of Linux Operating System

Servers and Hosting
Development
Desktop and Personal Use
Cybersecurity
Embedded Systems
Supercomputers

HTML & CSS

vishwa v — Fri, 29 May 2026 14:41:17 +0000

HTML
hypertext markup language used to create webpage.
markup is the special tag and element used to structure and decribe the content of webpage.
HTML describes the structure of a Web page
HTML consists of a series of elements

A Simple HTML Document

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Explaination
The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document

The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page

The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page

The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab)

The<body>element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.

The <h1> element defines a large heading

The <p> element defines a paragraph

Feature of html-5
HTML5 introduced powerful new features that make modern web applications faster, more interactive, and more multimedia-friendly.

It added semantic tags, native audio/video support, offline storage, better graphics, and APIs for real-time communication, making it the backbone of today’s dynamic websites.

Tag vs Element
A tag is the code snippet inside angle brackets < >.

Tags are instructions to the browser about how to interpret content.

They usually come in pairs:
Opening tag:<p>
Closing tag:</p>

An element is the complete structure: the opening tag, the content, and the closing tag together.

It represents the actual component on the webpage.

CSS
CSS is the language we use to style an HTML document.

CSS describes how HTML elements should be displayed.

Why Use CSS?
CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the design, layout and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes.

CSS example
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}

h1 {
color: white;
text-align: center;
}

p {
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 20px;
}

CSS syntax
The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.

The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.

Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.

Multiple CSS declarations are separated with semicolons, and declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.

p {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}

p is a selector in CSS (it points to the HTML element you want to style:

color is a property, and red is the property value
text-align is a property, and center is the property value

types of css
Inline
Internal
External

Inline css
An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.

To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The style attribute can contain any CSS property.

Example
Inline styles are defined within the "style" attribute of the relevant element:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1 style="color:blue;text-align:center;">This is a heading</h1>
<p style="color:red;">This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Internal css
An internal style sheet may be used if one single HTML page has a unique style.

The internal style is defined inside the element, inside the head section.</p>

DEV Community: vishwa v

About linux

HTML & CSS