What are SOLID principles in Software Development?

The SOLID principles are a set of five design principles in object-oriented programming and software development that aim to make software more scalable, flexible, and maintainable. These principles were introduced by Robert C. Martin and are widely used to create robust and efficient code. The SOLID acronym stands for:

1. Single Responsibility Principle (SRP):

   • A class should have only one reason to change, meaning that a class should have only one responsibility or job. This principle encourages developers to design classes that have a clear and focused purpose, making the code more modular and easier to maintain.

2. Open/Closed Principle (OCP):

   • Software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension but closed for modification. This means that you should be able to add new functionality to a system without altering its existing code. This is typically achieved through the use of interfaces, abstract classes, and polymorphism.

3. Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP):

   • Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types without altering the correctness of the program. In other words, if a class is a subtype of another class, it should be able to replace its parent class without affecting the program's behavior.

4. Interface Segregation Principle (ISP):

   • A class should not be forced to implement interfaces it does not use. This principle suggests that it is better to have several small, specific interfaces rather than a large, general-purpose one. Clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use.

5. Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP):

   • High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions. Additionally, abstractions should not depend on details; details should depend on abstractions. This principle encourages the use of abstractions (like interfaces or abstract classes) to decouple high-level and low-level modules, making the system more flexible and easier to maintain.

By following these SOLID principles, developers can create code that is more modular, scalable, and easier to understand, making it more resistant to changes and promoting good software design practices.