When you're working with Javascript, you're likely to have run into a pretty common problem: if your Javascript appears before your HTML, then trying to do things like attach events to your HTML is not possible. For example, consider this code:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.querySelector('#button').addEventListener('click', () => {
console.log('You clicked me!')
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button id="button">Click Me</button>
</body>
</html>
Even though there is a button with the ID #button, this code actually throws an error. The reason why is because the Javascript is loading before the DOM. Therefore trying to query select for #button returns null:
Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'addEventListener')
at file.html:5:46
This is a pretty common problem related to DOM readiness - your HTML DOM has not loaded - so it is not ready to have Javascript applied to it.
Waiting for the DOM to be ready in Javascript
If you want to wait for the HTML to load, before your Javascript runs - then try using DOMContentLoaded. We can wrap our entire Javascript in this event listener like so:
window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
document.querySelector('#button').addEventListener('click', () => {
console.log('You clicked me!')
});
});
Now, no error will be produced in your code, since the code within the DOMContentLoaded event listener will only fire once the HTML is fired. That means you can continue to have your Javascript before your HTML, and encounter no issues. Of course, you can also solve this problem by putting your Javascript after your HTML - but this is not always possible.
I hope you've enjoyed this quick guide to DOM Readiness and DOMContentLoaded in Javascript.
Top comments (2)
You can also put JavaScript at the end of the page to optimize your webperf if you don't rely on full js framework.
This way you can query elements int the DOM without waiting it is fumly loaded. It can speedup the rendering of your page
Correct, actually it's typically better to do what you said, but I did briefly mention that you can do that too :)