PI and randomness of digits after decimal point. Priority of Russia
On March 14, on day "3.14", PI celebrates its day
Importance of topic: research on distribution of PI digits and irrational numbers opens up possibility of studying continuous data in real time,
when incoming data is counted without pauses for a separate input of data array
Understanding patterns of distributions human and natural and fake and machine actually apply results of 4 types of research:
- Creation of randomness
- Overcoming randomness
- Falsification of randomness
- Overcoming falsification of randomness
Gap of Education in Russia and CIS and USSR:
we don't study logarithm and integral in lower grades
and later consider simplest allegedly difficult
as well as algorithms for fast calculations are not studied
In addition fast computing algorithms are not taught in school,
although algorithms are clear in many programming languages
without use of quantum computers
But this work highlights public pyramid
spectral integral logarithmic binomial criterion
Using 55,000 digits of PI after decimal point,
first in a Word compatible program replace special characters
numbers are translated into a column and then in an Excel compatible
program digits are divided into binary attributes:
small \ large and even \ odd
Results: average for both binary distributions: about 0.5
and binary divisions correspond to theoretical probability
Where are main formulas:
Cell-Formula-Explanation
C1 =AVERAGE(D1:D55000)
Average value of sequence numbers
C2 =AVERAGE(B1:B55000)
Average distribution value 1
D1 =IF(B1<C$2;0;1)
If number is less than average, then 0, otherwise 1
D2 =IF(B2<C$2;0;1)
If number is less than 1, then 0, otherwise 1, and so on.
E2 =IF(D2=D1;E1+1;0)
If distribution features are same, then counter of same attributes is +1,
otherwise counter is reset to zero
F2 =IF(E3=0;E2;" ")
If counter is reset to zero, largest counter is fixed
H2 =COUNTIF(F$1:F$55000;G2)
Number of signs 1 in a row and so on
H12 =H2/H3
Ratio of nearest number of attributes
J1 =IF(B1/2=ROUND(B1/2);0;1)
If number is even, then 0, otherwise 1
J2 =IF(B2/2=ROUND(B2/2);0;1)
If number is even, then 0, otherwise 1, etc
K2 =IF(J2=J1;K1+1;0)
If distribution features are same, then counter of same attributes is +1,
otherwise counter is reset to zero
L2 =IF(K3=0;K2;" ")
If counter is reset to zero, largest counter is fixed
N2 =COUNTIF(L$1:L$55000;M2)
Number of signs 1 in a row and so on
N12 =H2/H3
Ratio of nearest number of attributes
Other control functions can be programmed in table
You can create graphs of values of any cells in table
Continuation of table explores random permutations of sequence
Column Q - for a random permutation of integers up to 10^6,
to avoid repeating random events;
Column R - initially a copy of column B, later modified;
Columns T...AE - same as C...N columns"
Cell-Formula-Explanation
Q1 =RANDBETWEEN(0;1000000)
For a random permutation
Q2 =RANDBETWEEN(0;1000000)
Random for permutation, etc.
Preliminary conclusions: predominance of spectrum of repetitive features is found, what is typical for natural sequences, for example, by typing manually 3000 digits, 1st spectrum of repeated features will be higher than theoretical value
Using capabilities table for a permutation of elements of sequence and shuffled, spectra take on theoretical values as would be synthesized by RNG and CSPRNG and CPRNG
Spectra follow formula of Danilin: N = LOG(1-c)/LOG(1-p) by principle:
when C=P=0.5; N = 1 = log0.5/log0.5 = log(1-1/2)/log(1-1/2) = 1
for C=0.25; P=0.5; N = 2 = log0.75/log0.5 = log(1-1/4)/log(1-1/2) = 2, etc
Program for distribution spectra of random number
of consecutive identical features less \ more and even \ odd
Practical distributions correspond to theoretical ones
so random sequence is qualitative
and it is possible to study patterns of different sequences
Binomial Logarithmic Integral Pyramidal Distribution
BLIP distribution of Random numbers
RANDOMIZE TIMER
tb = TIMER: s = 0
OPEN "dablip.txt" FOR OUTPUT AS #2
n = VAL(MID$(TIME$, 7, 2))*10 ^ 5
DIM b(n), d(n), e(n), f(n)
DIM j(n), k(n), m(n), p(16), q(16)
LOCATE 1, 1: PRINT " THEORY Average BIG EVEN "
FOR i = 2 TO n-1
b(i) = INT(RND*900)+100: s = s+b(i): m = s/i
IF b(i) < m THEN d(i) = 0 ELSE d(i) = 1
IF (b(i) MOD 2) = 0 THEN j(i) = 0 ELSE j(i) = 1
IF d(i) = d(i-1) THEN e(i) = e(i-1)+1 ELSE e(i) = 0
IF e(i) = 0 THEN f(i) = e(i-1) ELSE f(i) = 12
IF f(i) > 12 THEN f(i) = 12
IF j(i) = j(i-1) THEN k(i) = k(i-1)+1 ELSE k(i) = 0
IF k(i) = 0 THEN m(i) = k(i-1) ELSE m(i) = 12
IF m(i) > 12 THEN m(i) = 12
p(f(i)) = p(f(i))+1: q(m(i)) = q(m(i))+1
IF (i MOD 1000) = 0 THEN LOCATE 3, 1: PRINT i, " from ", n, INT(100*i/n); " %",
NEXT
LOCATE 3, 1: FOR t = 1 TO 12
PRINT INT(n/(2^(t+1))), INT((p(t-1)+q(t-1))/2), p(t-1), q(t-1)
NEXT
te = TIMER
PRINT: PRINT te-tb; "second", INT(n/(te-tb)); " in second "
PRINT n, " elements ",
PRINT #2, te-tb; "second", INT(n/(te-tb)); " in second "
PRINT #2, n, " elements ",: PRINT #2,
PRINT #2,: PRINT #2, " THEORY Average BIG EVEN ": PRINT #2,
FOR t = 1 TO 12
PRINT #2, INT(n/(2^(t+1))), INT((p(t-1)+q(t-1))/2), p(t-1), q(t-1)
NEXT
Feature of program: index of indixes p(f(i)) & q(m(i))
Results:
40 second 139'555 in second
5'600'000 elements
THEORY Average BIG EVEN
1400000 1400610 1399595 1401625
700000 700026 700122 699931
350000 349716 349508 349925
175000 174823 174892 174755
87500 87424 87564 87285
43750 43837 43931 43744
21875 22028 21983 22074
10937 10850 10865 10835
5468 5481 5496 5466
2734 2755 2732 2778
1367 1388 1396 1380
687 687 687 687
I think random have problems with parity:
parity of random changes too sharply
For self-study:
- Uniformity of each of digits of PI
- Methods for approximate calculation of PI
- Learn 8 digits of PI after decimal point
- Find formulas for calculating digits of PI
- Remember circle length formulas
Top comments (4)
Articles can be published:
Target: to prove possibility of falsifying randomness and reality of overcoming falsification of randomness
Russian Sortinging Halves Danilin visualisation
sorting fast and human
all on the topic: probability and reliability
!
who allegedly doesn't understand: place 3000 digits typed manually
both my table and program will show a deviation from uniformity
so numbers were pressed by animate beings
Russian Sortinging Halves Danilin
Next theme:
Research and transformation by sorting pseudo-random sequences. Priority of Russia
dev.to/andreydanilin/research-and-...