what is file handling in java

File handling in Java through the java.io package and the java.nio.file package. The main operations covered are creating, reading, writing, and deleting files and directories.

Key Concepts in Java File Handling
Java uses the concept of streams to perform input/output (I/O) operations.

Byte Streams: Used for handling raw binary data (like images, audio). Key classes include FileInputStream and FileOutputStream.
Character Streams: Used for handling text data (16-bit Unicode characters). Key classes include FileReader and FileWriter, often wrapped in BufferedReader and BufferedWriter for efficiency. 

The primary class for managing file and directory paths and metadata is the File class.
Core File Operations
Tutorials Point details the following common file operations:

Creating a File: Use the createNewFile() method of the File class to atomically create a new empty file.
Writing to a File: Use classes like FileWriter or FileOutputStream to write data. The BufferedWriter class is often used for buffered, efficient writing of character streams.
Reading from a File: Use classes like FileReader, FileInputStream, or the Scanner class to read data. BufferedReader provides an efficient readLine() method for reading text files line by line.
Deleting a File: Use the delete() method of the File class.
Handling Directories: The File object can also be used to create directories with mkdir() and mkdirs(), and list the files within a directory using list(). 

Exception Handling
File operations often involve potential errors (e.g., file not found, permission issues), so proper exception handling is essential. The main exceptions to handle are IOException and FileNotFoundException. Using the try-with-resources statement (introduced in Java 7) is the recommended best practice, as it automatically closes resources like streams, preventing leaks.
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