DEV Community

Akeel Almas
Akeel Almas

Posted on

What is a WebRTC Server and Multiparty Communication?

Here’s a polished, DEV-friendly, SEO-ready version of your backlink post.
I kept it clean, structured and written in a natural technical blogging tone — perfect for dev.to.


Discover what WebRTC servers are and learn key concepts like SFU, MCU, signaling, transcoding, and simulcast. Plus, get started with your own WebRTC server setup — for free.

This guide also covers the core components of WebRTC, its architecture, signaling, and much more. If you’re new to WebRTC, you may want to explore what WebRTC is and how it works before diving deeper.


Table of Contents

  • Introduction
  • What is a WebRTC Server?
  • Types of WebRTC Servers
  • What Makes a Good WebRTC Server?
  • What is the Best Server for WebRTC?
  • Popular WebRTC Servers Compared
  • WebRTC Multiparty Topologies
  • Advanced WebRTC Server Features
  • How to Set Up a WebRTC Server
  • FAQ
  • Conclusion

Introduction

WebRTC powers real-time communication in modern web and mobile applications — from live video chat to screen sharing and data channels. While WebRTC enables direct peer-to-peer connections, building scalable production systems almost always requires a WebRTC server.

In this guide, you'll learn:

  • What a WebRTC server is
  • Different server types (Signaling, STUN/TURN, Media Servers)
  • Multiparty architectures like SFU and MCU
  • How to choose the right WebRTC server
  • How to install a free WebRTC server using Ant Media

Let’s start with the basics.


What is a WebRTC Server?

A WebRTC Server is any component that assists or processes WebRTC communication. Even though WebRTC is peer-to-peer by design, servers are needed for:

  • Connection setup (signaling)
  • NAT traversal
  • Media relaying or processing
  • Group calls and multiparty routing
  • Recording and transcoding

Depending on the workflow, a full WebRTC deployment may use one or all of these server types.


Types of WebRTC Servers

1. WebRTC Application Servers

These host your WebRTC app logic — examples include Node.js, Java, or PHP servers.

2. WebRTC Signaling Servers

Used for SDP exchange, ICE candidates, and connection negotiation. WebSockets, SIP, or custom protocols are common.

3. NAT Traversal Servers (STUN/TURN)

  • STUN: Discovers public IP/port.
  • TURN: Relays media when direct P2P fails. Essential for enterprise or restrictive networks.

4. WebRTC Media Servers

These sit in the middle of the communication path and perform:

  • SFU routing
  • MCU mixing
  • Transcoding
  • Recording
  • Simulcast management

Media servers are required for multi-user live streaming, large calls, low-latency broadcast, or adaptive streaming.


What Makes a Good WebRTC Server?

When evaluating a WebRTC server, consider:

  • Scalability
  • Latency performance
  • Adaptive bitrate support
  • Deployment flexibility (cloud/on-prem)
  • Plugin ecosystem
  • Developer tooling & SDKs
  • Cost structure

What Is the Best Server for WebRTC?

There is no one-size-fits-all. The best server depends on:

  • Your use case
  • Media workflows
  • Budget
  • Required latency
  • Expected audience size

Below is a quick comparison to help you decide.


Popular WebRTC Servers Compared

WebRTC Server Best For Strengths Consider If…
Ant Media Server Ultra-low latency, live streaming, multiparty Scalable SFU, ABR, plugins, multi-protocol, cloud/on-prem You want sub-second latency + easy setup
Jitsi Meet Video conferencing Simple deployment You want ready-made conferencing
Kurento Media transformation & recording Real-time media processing You need filters or computer vision
Mediasoup Custom performance-critical apps Low-level APIs You want full control of SFU
Asterisk Telephony + WebRTC VoIP integration You’re building PBX systems
Janus Custom routing Modular plugins You need extensibility

WebRTC Multiparty Topologies

Mesh Topology

Each participant connects to every other participant.

Pros:

  • Simple, no server needed

Cons:

  • Not scalable (4–6 users max)

Mixing Topology (MCU)

A central server mixes all streams into one.

Pros:

  • Only one uplink/downlink per user

Cons:

  • Very CPU-intensive for the server

Routing Topology (SFU)

A central server routes streams without mixing them.

Pros:

  • Efficient, scalable, widely used

Cons:

  • More complex server design

Advanced WebRTC Server Features

Transcoding

Decode → modify → re-encode.
Useful for codec changes, bitrate adjustments, resizing (720p → 480p), and filtering.

Adaptive Bitrate (ABR)

Automatically adjusts video quality based on network conditions.

Simulcast

The publisher sends multiple quality layers. Server chooses the best one per viewer — more efficient than server-side transcoding.


How to Set Up a WebRTC Server

You can start with:

Option 1: Free, open-source WebRTC server

Install Ant Media Server Community Edition and start streaming via WebRTC and HLS.

Option 2: 14-day free trial of Enterprise Edition

Includes:

  • Ultra-low latency WebRTC
  • Adaptive Bitrate (ABR)
  • Simulcast
  • Recording
  • SFU scaling

Both options offer unlimited streaming and viewers — perfect for experiments, demos, or small-scale projects.


FAQ

Do I need a server for WebRTC?
Yes — signaling and NAT traversal are mandatory. Media servers are required for multiparty or broadcast.

SFU vs MCU?

  • SFU = routes streams, scalable
  • MCU = mixes streams, heavy on CPU

Is Ant Media Server open-source?
Yes — the Community Edition is open-source.

Can I use WebRTC with WordPress?
Yes — embed Ant Media playback/publish URLs directly.


Conclusion

WebRTC servers are the backbone of scalable real-time communication — whether you're building video conferencing, live streaming, or interactive applications. Choosing the right server and architecture (SFU, MCU, Mesh) shapes your latency, costs, and viewer experience.

If you want to estimate your streaming cost, try the free calculator below.

Estimate Your Streaming Costs
Use our free Cost Calculator to see how much you can save with adaptive delivery and efficient server usage.

👉 Open Cost Calculator

Top comments (0)