JSON Serialization and Deserialization with System.Text.Json

Everyone knows how to use JSON serialization and deserialization with System.Text.Json, but most people use it somewhat vaguely.
This article aims to help you understand and master System.Text.Json clearly, because...

"Clarity" is the sign that knowledge has truly been learned and internalized. 😊

---

Why System.Text.Json? 😊

There are many excellent open-source JSON libraries in .NET, such as Newtonsoft.Json.
So, why should we use System.Text.Json?

Because:

• It's officially provided by Microsoft and built into .NET Core 3.0+; all modern Microsoft code uses System.Text.Json, so understanding it is important!
• High performance and low memory allocation, as stated in official documentation.
• Thread-safe by design.

Terminology:

• Serialization: Converting an object into a string (i.e., Object → string)
• Deserialization: Converting a string into an object (i.e., string → Object)

---

Namespaces Involved 🚀🚀

• System.Text.Json: The core namespace that provides classes like JsonSerializer for serialization/deserialization.
• System.Text.Json.Serialization: Provides attributes such as [JsonPropertyName], and extensions for JsonSerializerOptions.
• System.Net.Http.Json: Used with HttpClient to deserialize responses conveniently when making HTTP calls.

---

Basic Usage (Serialization / Deserialization) 🎉🎉

✅ Serialization

Use JsonSerializer.Serialize() or its generic overload JsonSerializer.Serialize<T>(). Async versions are also available.

using demo;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

var person = new Person("John Doe", 30, true, new DateTime(1993, 5, 15));

var jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(person);
var jsonString2 = JsonSerializer.Serialize<Person>(person);

Console.WriteLine(jsonString);
Console.WriteLine(jsonString2);

// Output: {"Name":"John Doe","Age":30,"IsStudent":true,"Birthday":"1993-05-15T00:00:00"}

⚠️ Note:
By default, the JSON output is minified (no indentation, newlines, or extra whitespace),
which can be hard to read in logs.
You can configure this with JsonSerializerOptions, which we'll cover below.

---

✅ Deserialization

Use JsonSerializer.Deserialize() or JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(). Async versions are also available.

using demo;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

var jsonString = """
    {"Date":"2025-06-23T01:11:58.4217508+08:00","TemperatureCelsius":25,"Summary":"Sunny","Wind":10}
""";
var jsonObject = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<WeatherForecast>(jsonString);

Console.WriteLine(jsonObject?.Date);
Console.WriteLine(jsonObject?.TemperatureCelsius);
Console.WriteLine(jsonObject?.Summary);
Console.WriteLine(jsonObject?.WindSpeed);

---

Controlling Serialization / Deserialization Behavior 🚀🚀

What does it mean to "control behavior"? 😂

For example:
When building frontend-backend applications, frontend field names are usually camelCase,
while C# uses PascalCase. So we often need to convert property names —
this requires customization of serialization behavior.

Another example:
By default, System.Text.Json only serializes/deserializes public properties —
not fields. If you want to include fields, you need to configure that explicitly.

---

There are two main ways to control serialization behavior:

1. Using attributes like [JsonPropertyName], [JsonIgnore], [JsonInclude]
2. Using the JsonSerializerOptions class

Note 1: Both attributes and JsonSerializerOptions can influence behavior.
Attributes are better for per-property control, while JsonSerializerOptions is ideal for global or complex configuration.

Note 2: Attributes take precedence over settings in JsonSerializerOptions.

---

🔧 JsonSerializerOptions

🔸 Custom Property Naming

using demo;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

var weather = new WeatherForecast()
{
    Date = DateTimeOffset.Now,
    TemperatureCelsius = 25,
    Summary = "Sunny",
    WindSpeed = 10
};

var jsonoptions = new JsonSerializerOptions
{
   PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase,
};

var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(weather, jsonoptions);
Console.WriteLine(json);

📤 Output:

{"date":"2025-06-23T02:04:44.6282091+08:00","temperatureCelsius":25,"summary":"Sunny","Wind":10}

✅ All property names are now in camelCase, as typically expected in web APIs.

---

🔸 Built-in Naming Policies

Naming Policy	Description	Original	Converted
CamelCase	First word lowercase, subsequent words capitalized	TempCelsius	tempCelsius
KebabCaseLower	Lowercase words separated by hyphens	TempCelsius	temp-celsius
KebabCaseUpper	Uppercase words separated by hyphens	TempCelsius	TEMP-CELSIUS
SnakeCaseLower	Lowercase words separated by underscores	TempCelsius	temp_celsius
SnakeCaseUpper	Uppercase words separated by underscores	TempCelsius	TEMP_CELSIUS

---

🔸 Pretty Print / Human-Friendly Output

var jsonoptions = new JsonSerializerOptions
{
    WriteIndented = true
};

var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(weather, jsonoptions);
Console.WriteLine(json);

🧾 Output:

{
  "Date": "2025-06-23T02:10:26.5399846+08:00",
  "TemperatureCelsius": 25,
  "Summary": "Sunny",
  "Wind": 10
}

Much easier to read in logs or console compared to minified one-liner JSON.

---

🔸 Ignoring Properties (Exclude from Serialization)

public class WeatherForecastWithIgnoreAttribute
{
    public DateTimeOffset Date { get; set; }
    public int TemperatureCelsius { get; set; }

    [JsonIgnore]
    public string? Summary { get; set; }
}

📤 Output:

{
  "Date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00-07:00",
  "TemperatureCelsius": 25
  // "Summary" is missing
}

---

🔸 Including Fields (Fields are not serialized by default)

// 1. Use attribute-based inclusion
public class Forecast2
{
    [JsonInclude]
    public DateTime Date;

    [JsonInclude]
    public int TemperatureC;

    [JsonInclude]
    public string? Summary;
}

// 2. Or globally allow fields via JsonSerializerOptions.IncludeFields

---

📚 Further Learning 🎉🎉

For more details, refer to the official Microsoft documentation:
👉 .NET JSON serialization and deserialization