Writing your first Go programme

By the end of this article, you will have written a Go programme that outputs a sentence based on a number of variables.

If you've made it to this article you should have read the Go Introduction, and be familiar with variables and data-types.

The syntax for declaring a variable in Go defines a few ways of declaring a variable, which we're going to break down into two groups.

Explicitly typed

If the programmer specifies a type when declaring a variable, it is said that the variable is explicitly typed.

In the following example:

• x is declared as a string, and the value of x is "Hello World".
• y is declared as a bool, but is not assigned a value*.
• a and b are both declared as int, and given their respective assignments ( a=1, b=2 ).

var x string = "Hello World"

var y bool

var a, b int = 1, 2

Inferred Type

If the programmer does not specify a type when declaring a variable, it is said that the type of the variable is inferred from the assignment value.

In the following example:

• x is assigned to a value of "Hello World" and has an inferred type of string.
• y is assigned to a value of true and has an inferred type of bool.

var x = "Hello World"

y := true

If you need to be absolutely sure that a variable is of a specific data-type (e.g. a float instead of an int), use the explicitly typed method, otherwise, use common sense for which is better in each circumstance.

* When a variable is declared without an initial value, they are given the zero value. This is 0 for numeric types, false for booleans and "" (an empty string) for strings.

---

Your first Go programme

It's finally time to write your first Go programme. When installing Go, you would have set-up your Go directory ( e.g. /usr/local/go in Linux environments ).

Within this directory, create a new directory under /src/firstApplication (e.g. the full Linux path would be /usr/local/go/src/firstApplication ) and open it in your code editor of choice.

We're going to leave out most of the specifics of Go, so you're not overwhelmed with too much information, but everything will be explained in future articles.

In your new firstApplication directory, create a new file called main.go, add the below code into it, and save the file.

package main

import "log"

func main() {

    // Start of our code

    log.Println("Welcome to my first Go programme.")

    // End of our code

}

Now, open a terminal, navigate to your firstApplication folder, and run the following command:

go run main.go

Your output should look very similar to the below.

As you can see, the log.Println function outputs text to the terminal. Unfortunately, as a first programme goes, this is pretty boring. Let's make this more personal with Variables!

Replace the contents of main.go with the following code:

package main

import "log"

func main() {

    // Start of our code

    var name string = "Simon"
    var age int = 29
    var profession string = "Developer"

    log.Println("Welcome to my first Go programme.")
    log.Printf("My name is %s", name)
    log.Printf("I am %d years old", age)
    log.Printf("I work as a %s", profession)

    // End of our code

}

This time we're outputting four different sentences. One from the previous example and the other three are using a new function called Printf. This function allows the programmer to pass in one or more variables; by specifying the variables data-type ( %s for a string and %d for an integer ).

Now see if you can complete the following challenges:

1. Change the variables so the programme prints out your name, age and profession.
2. Change the programme to output everything in one sentence, instead of four different sentences.
3. Add a new variable, favouriteAnimal , and incorporate that into your outputted sentence.

Tweet us at @RealCodeTips and show us your solutions. If you get stuck along the way, reach out and we'll do our best to help.