Clash of Civilizations: The Evolution of the Concept and the New World Order

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution of the term "civilization," tracing its path from Enlightenment ideas of universal progress to the contemporary theories of Samuel Huntington. The authors examine how culture became a key factor shaping a new world order, replacing traditional ideological divisions. The text explores in detail the concepts of core states, conflicts along fault lines, and the phenomenon of modernization without Westernization. In the context of structural neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism, the article sheds light on cultural ruptures and international anarchy. Alternative visions of the future, taking into account the challenges of the Anthropocene, the development of artificial intelligence, and a postcolonial perspective, complement the work, offering a comprehensive perspective on the dynamics of global identity shifts.