Stanisław Lem's Neo-Lucretianism: Matter, Reason and Tragedy

This article is a profound philosophical analysis of Stanisław Lem's thought, interpreted through the lens of neo-Lucretianism. Drawing on the work of Paweł Okołowski, the author maps the affinities between ancient materialism and Lem's vision of the world. A key element of this discussion is the concept of parenclism, or "causal leeway," which in a deterministic universe becomes the foundation of free will. The text explores the paradoxes of personal identity, analyzing thought experiments involving resurrection from atoms and the limits of human subjectivity. Another important theme is the autonomization of technology and technoevolution, perceived as forces beyond the creator's control. The whole is culminated in the anthropology of tragic reason—a vision of man seeking meaning in an immanent, Godless reality, where the only support remains reliable knowledge of matter and its emergence.