This article provides a thorough analysis of the cyclical nature of economic downturns, drawing on the research of Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff. The author deconstructs the iron law of capitalist history, demonstrating that crises are not anomalies but the result of fragile debt structures and a loss of market confidence. The text examines the mechanisms of financial leverage, debt rollovers, and the impact of inflation on monetary degradation. It addresses the issue of multiple equilibria and the controversial 90 percent GDP threshold. This is a story of the collective amnesia of political elites who believe this time is different, ignoring historical lessons on insolvency. Essential reading for those seeking to understand the architecture of modern finance and the hidden dangers stemming from the excessive leverage of national economies under a fiat currency system.
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