Encapsulation

What is encapsulation :

1. Encapsulation is data protection.

Why used encapsulation :

1. Encapsulation provides data security, better control.

Benefits of Encapsulation :

1. Data Hiding → Sensitive data is not directly accessible.
2. Control over Data → You can validate values before setting them.
3. Improves Security → External code can’t directly change internal variables.

How to protect the data :

1. Using access modifier.

What is access modifier :

1. An access modifier in Java defines who can access a class, variable, method, or constructor.

Real time example :

Access Modifier	Within Class	Same Package	Subclass (other package)	Outside Package
private	✅ Yes	❌ No	❌ No	❌ No
default (no keyword)	✅ Yes	✅ Yes	❌ No	❌ No
protected	✅ Yes	✅ Yes	✅ Yes	❌ No
public	✅ Yes	✅ Yes	✅ Yes	✅ Yes