SQL Normalization (1NF to 3NF) – Explained with Oracle Live SQL Implementation

Base Table (Unnormalized)

We start with a single table that contains redundant data (students, courses, and instructors in one table).

StudentID StudentName CourseID CourseName Instructor InstructorPhone
S01 Arjun C101 DBMS Dr. Kumar 9876543210
S01 Arjun C102 Data Mining Dr. Mehta 9123456780
S02 Priya C101 DBMS Dr. Kumar 9876543210
S03 Kiran C103 AI Dr. Rao 9988776655
1NF Implementation

Remove repeating groups and ensure atomicity.

2NF Implementation

Eliminate partial dependencies by separating students and courses

3NF Implementation

Remove transitive dependencies (InstructorPhone depends on Instructor, not Course).

Oracle Live SQL Screenshots

Normalization helps:

Remove redundancy

Maintain data integrity

Simplify updates and retrieval

Implemented using:

🔹 Oracle Live SQL
🔹 SQL DDL + JOIN Queries