🔄 Function — Load balancers distribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers to prevent any single server from becoming overwhelmed, ensuring efficient resource use and reducing response times.
⚙️ Types — There are several types of load balancers, including hardware, software, virtual, network, application, global server, DNS, and cloud-based load balancers, each catering to different needs and environments.
📊 Algorithms — Load balancing algorithms can be static or dynamic. Static algorithms like round-robin distribute traffic evenly without real-time adjustments, while dynamic algorithms like least connection consider server health and load.
🌐 Public vs. Private — Public load balancers use public IPs and are accessible from the internet, while private load balancers use private IPs for internal network traffic, providing an additional layer of security.
🔍 Monitoring — Load balancers continuously monitor server health and reroute traffic away from unhealthy servers, ensuring high availability and reliability.
Types of Load Balancers
🖥️ Hardware Load Balancers — These are physical devices that distribute network traffic across servers. They are robust but can be expensive and less flexible.
💻 Software Load Balancers — These are applications that perform load balancing functions and can be installed on servers, offering flexibility and cost-effectiveness.
🌐 Virtual Load Balancers — These combine the software of a hardware load balancer running on a virtual machine, providing a balance between performance and flexibility.
📡 Network Load Balancers — Operating at the transport layer, they distribute traffic based on IP protocol data and can handle millions of requests per second.
🗺️ Global Server Load Balancers — These distribute traffic across geographically dispersed servers to optimize performance and availability.
☁️ Cloud-based Load Balancers — Offered by cloud providers as managed services, they provide scalability and ease of use.
Load Balancing Algorithms
🔄 Round Robin — A static algorithm that distributes requests sequentially across servers, ensuring even distribution without real-time adjustments.
⚖️ Least Connection — A dynamic algorithm that sends requests to the server with the fewest active connections, optimizing load distribution based on current server load.
⏱️ Least Response Time — Directs traffic to servers with the fewest active connections and fastest response times, improving efficiency.
📊 Weighted Algorithms — These assign different weights to servers based on their capacity, allowing more capable servers to handle more traffic.
🔢 Source IP Hash — Generates a hash value from the client's IP address to determine server assignment, ensuring consistent routing for repeat requests.
Public vs Private Load Balancers
🌍 Public Load Balancers — Use public IP addresses and are accessible from the internet, requiring additional security measures like firewalls.
🔒 Private Load Balancers — Use private IP addresses and are accessible only within a virtual network, providing an extra layer of security.
🔄 NAT Gateway — Public load balancers often require a Network Address Translation gateway to ensure reachability between the load balancer and its backends.
🔗 Connectivity — Private load balancers require clients to be within the same virtual network or connected via VPN for access.
🛡️ Security — Public load balancers need robust security configurations to protect against internet-based threats.
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