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Posted on • Originally published at apidog.com

Cara Menggunakan AWS Lambda API untuk Serverless di Tahun 2026

TL;DR

API AWS Lambda memungkinkan developer mengotomasi deployment, pengelolaan, dan pemanggilan fungsi serverless secara terprogram. API ini menggunakan autentikasi IAM (SigV4), endpoint RESTful, mendukung pola pemanggilan sinkron/asinkron, serta kontrol konkurensi per akun. Panduan ini membahas praktik setup autentikasi, deployment fungsi, pemanggilan, pemetaan event source, hingga strategi arsitektur serverless siap produksi.

Coba Apidog sekarang

Pendahuluan

AWS Lambda memproses triliunan permintaan bulanan untuk jutaan pengguna aktif. Untuk developer yang membangun aplikasi serverless, pipeline CI/CD, atau otomatisasi berbasis event, integrasi API Lambda sangat krusial—baik untuk Infrastructure as Code maupun deployment otomatis.

Realitanya, tim dengan 50+ fungsi Lambda yang dikelola manual akan kehilangan banyak waktu hanya untuk deployment, update konfigurasi, dan monitoring. Automasi API Lambda dapat memangkas jam kerja, mendukung rilis blue-green, dan memungkinkan penskalaan dinamis.

Panduan ini akan memandu Anda secara step-by-step: autentikasi IAM, deploy fungsi, pola pemanggilan (sinkron/asinkron), pemetaan event source, arsitektur berlapis, serta strategi deployment produksi. Target: integrasi Lambda siap produksi.

Apa Itu API AWS Lambda?

AWS Lambda menyediakan API RESTful untuk pengelolaan fungsi komputasi serverless. API ini meliputi:

  • CRUD fungsi Lambda
  • Deployment dan versioning kode
  • Pemanggilan sinkron & asinkron
  • Pemetaan event source (SQS, Kinesis, DynamoDB, S3, dll)
  • Pengelolaan Lambda Layer & alias
  • Kontrol konkurensi
  • Logging, monitoring, dan integrasi observability

Fitur Utama

Fitur Deskripsi
API RESTful Endpoint HTTPS standar
Autentikasi IAM AWS Signature Versi 4
Pemanggilan Asinkron Fire-and-forget event processing
Pemanggilan Sinkron Request-response
Sumber Peristiwa 200+ integrasi layanan AWS
Layer Kode/dependensi bersama
Versi/Alias Shift traffic, rollback
Konkurensi Terprovisi Eliminasi cold start

Dukungan Runtime Lambda

Runtime Versi Use Case
Node.js 18.x, 20.x Backend API, event processing
Python 3.9, 3.10, 3.11 Data processing, ML inference
Java 11, 17, 21 Enterprise apps
Go 1.x High-perf API
Rust 1.x Low-latency functions
.NET 6, 8 Windows workloads
Ruby 3.x Web apps
Kustom Apa saja Custom runtime via container

Ikhtisar Arsitektur API

Struktur endpoint Lambda:

https://lambda.{region}.amazonaws.com/2015-03-31/
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Versi API

Versi Status Use Case
2015-03-31 Saat ini Semua operasi Lambda
2018-01-31 Runtime API Custom runtime integration

Memulai: Penyiapan Autentikasi

Langkah 1: Buat Akun AWS dan Pengguna IAM

  1. Kunjungi Konsol AWS
  2. Register akun AWS
  3. Masuk ke Konsol IAM → Pengguna → Buat Pengguna
  4. Lampirkan policy eksekusi Lambda

Langkah 2: Hasilkan Kredensial IAM

Buat access key untuk akses terprogram:

# Via AWS CLI
aws iam create-access-key --user-name lambda-deployer

# Output: Simpan baik-baik
{
  "AccessKey": {
    "AccessKeyId": "AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE",
    "SecretAccessKey": "wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"
  }
}
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Tips keamanan: Simpan kredensial di ~/.aws/credentials atau environment variable.

# ~/.aws/credentials
[lambda-deployer]
aws_access_key_id = AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
aws_secret_access_key = wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY

# Atau pakai env
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"
export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="us-east-1"
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Langkah 3: Implementasi AWS Signature Versi 4

Seluruh request ke API Lambda wajib menggunakan Signature V4.

const crypto = require('crypto');

class AWSSigner {
  constructor(accessKeyId, secretAccessKey, region, service = 'lambda') {
    this.accessKeyId = accessKeyId;
    this.secretAccessKey = secretAccessKey;
    this.region = region;
    this.service = service;
  }

  sign(request, body = null) {
    const now = new Date();
    const amzDate = now.toISOString().replace(/[:-]|\.\d{3}/g, '');
    const dateStamp = amzDate.slice(0, 8);

    // Canonical request
    const hashedPayload = body ? crypto.createHash('sha256').update(body).digest('hex') : 'UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD';
    const canonicalUri = request.path;
    const canonicalQuerystring = request.query || '';
    const canonicalHeaders = `host:${request.host}\nx-amz-date:${amzDate}\n`;
    const signedHeaders = 'host;x-amz-date';
    const canonicalRequest = `${request.method}\n${canonicalUri}\n${canonicalQuerystring}\n${canonicalHeaders}\n${signedHeaders}\n${hashedPayload}`;

    // String to sign
    const algorithm = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256';
    const credentialScope = `${dateStamp}/${this.region}/${this.service}/aws4_request`;
    const hash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(canonicalRequest).digest('hex');
    const stringToSign = `${algorithm}\n${amzDate}\n${credentialScope}\n${hash}`;

    // Signature calculation
    const kDate = this.hmac(`AWS4${this.secretAccessKey}`, dateStamp);
    const kRegion = this.hmac(kDate, this.region);
    const kService = this.hmac(kRegion, this.service);
    const kSigning = this.hmac(kService, 'aws4_request');
    const signature = this.hmac(kSigning, stringToSign, 'hex');

    // Authorization header
    const authorizationHeader = `${algorithm} Credential=${this.accessKeyId}/${credentialScope}, SignedHeaders=${signedHeaders}, Signature=${signature}`;

    return {
      'Authorization': authorizationHeader,
      'X-Amz-Date': amzDate,
      'X-Amz-Content-Sha256': hashedPayload
    };
  }

  hmac(key, string, encoding = 'buffer') {
    return crypto.createHmac('sha256', key).update(string).digest(encoding);
  }
}

// Contoh pemakaian
const signer = new AWSSigner(
  process.env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID,
  process.env.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY,
  'us-east-1'
);
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Langkah 4: Buat Klien API Lambda 

const LAMBDA_BASE_URL = 'https://lambda.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/2015-03-31';

const lambdaRequest = async (path, options = {}) => {
  const url = new URL(`${LAMBDA_BASE_URL}${path}`);
  const method = options.method || 'GET';
  const body = options.body ? JSON.stringify(options.body) : null;

  const signer = new AWSSigner(
    process.env.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID,
    process.env.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY,
    'us-east-1'
  );

  const headers = signer.sign({ method, host: 'lambda.us-east-1.amazonaws.com', path }, body);

  const response = await fetch(url.toString(), {
    method,
    headers: {
      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
      ...headers,
      ...options.headers
    },
    body
  });

  if (!response.ok) {
    const error = await response.json();
    throw new Error(`Lambda API Error: ${error.Message}`);
  }

  return response.json();
};

// List fungsi Lambda
const functions = await lambdaRequest('/functions');
console.log(`Ditemukan ${functions.Functions.length} fungsi`);
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Alternatif: Pakai AWS SDK

Untuk produksi, gunakan AWS SDK agar proses signing otomatis.

const { LambdaClient, ListFunctionsCommand, CreateFunctionCommand, InvokeCommand } = require('@aws-sdk/client-lambda');

const lambda = new LambdaClient({ region: 'us-east-1' });

// Daftar fungsi
const listCommand = new ListFunctionsCommand({});
const result = await lambda.send(listCommand);

// Buat fungsi baru
const createCommand = new CreateFunctionCommand({
  FunctionName: 'my-function',
  Runtime: 'nodejs20.x',
  Role: 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/lambda-execution-role',
  Handler: 'index.handler',
  Code: {
    S3Bucket: 'my-bucket',
    S3Key: 'function.zip'
  }
});

const fn = await lambda.send(createCommand);
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Pengelolaan Fungsi

Membuat Fungsi 

const createFunction = async (functionConfig) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest('/functions', {
    method: 'POST',
    body: {
      FunctionName: functionConfig.name,
      Runtime: functionConfig.runtime || 'nodejs20.x',
      Role: functionConfig.roleArn,
      Handler: functionConfig.handler || 'index.handler',
      Code: {
        S3Bucket: functionConfig.s3Bucket,
        S3Key: functionConfig.s3Key
      },
      Description: functionConfig.description || '',
      Timeout: functionConfig.timeout || 3,
      MemorySize: functionConfig.memorySize || 128,
      Environment: {
        Variables: functionConfig.environment || {}
      },
      Tags: functionConfig.tags || {}
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Contoh
const fn = await createFunction({
  name: 'order-processor',
  roleArn: 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/lambda-execution-role',
  handler: 'index.handler',
  runtime: 'nodejs20.x',
  s3Bucket: 'my-deployments-bucket',
  s3Key: 'order-processor/v1.0.0.zip',
  description: 'Memproses pesanan dari antrean SQS',
  timeout: 30,
  memorySize: 512,
  environment: {
    DB_HOST: 'db.example.com',
    LOG_LEVEL: 'info'
  }
});

console.log(`Fungsi dibuat: ${fn.FunctionArn}`);
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Upload Kode Langsung

Untuk fungsi kecil (<50MB terkompresi):

const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');

const createFunctionWithZip = async (functionName, zipPath) => {
  const zipBuffer = fs.readFileSync(zipPath);
  const base64Code = zipBuffer.toString('base64');

  const response = await lambdaRequest('/functions', {
    method: 'POST',
    body: {
      FunctionName: functionName,
      Runtime: 'nodejs20.x',
      Role: 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/lambda-execution-role',
      Handler: 'index.handler',
      Code: {
        ZipFile: base64Code
      }
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Paket kode: zip -r function.zip index.js node_modules/
await createFunctionWithZip('my-function', './function.zip');
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Update Kode Fungsi 

const updateFunctionCode = async (functionName, updateConfig) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest(`/functions/${functionName}/code`, {
    method: 'PUT',
    body: {
      S3Bucket: updateConfig.s3Bucket,
      S3Key: updateConfig.s3Key,
      Publish: updateConfig.publish || false
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Contoh update
const updated = await updateFunctionCode('order-processor', {
  s3Bucket: 'my-deployments-bucket',
  s3Key: 'order-processor/v1.1.0.zip',
  publish: true // Buat versi baru
});

console.log(`Diperbarui ke versi: ${updated.Version}`);
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Update Konfigurasi Fungsi 

const updateFunctionConfig = async (functionName, config) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest(`/functions/${functionName}/configuration`, {
    method: 'PUT',
    body: {
      Runtime: config.runtime,
      Handler: config.handler,
      Description: config.description,
      Timeout: config.timeout,
      MemorySize: config.memorySize,
      Environment: {
        Variables: config.environment
      }
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Contoh update konfigurasi
const updated = await updateFunctionConfig('order-processor', {
  timeout: 60,
  memorySize: 1024,
  environment: {
    DB_HOST: 'new-db.example.com',
    LOG_LEVEL: 'debug'
  }
});
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Hapus Fungsi 

const deleteFunction = async (functionName, qualifier = null) => {
  const path = qualifier
    ? `/functions/${functionName}?Qualifier=${qualifier}`
    : `/functions/${functionName}`;

  await lambdaRequest(path, { method: 'DELETE' });
  console.log(`Fungsi ${functionName} dihapus`);
};
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Pemanggilan Fungsi

Pemanggilan Sinkron (Request-Response) 

const invokeFunction = async (functionName, payload, qualifier = null) => {
  const path = qualifier
    ? `/functions/${functionName}/invocations?Qualifier=${qualifier}`
    : `/functions/${functionName}/invocations`;

  const response = await lambdaRequest(path, {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
      'X-Amz-Invocation-Type': 'RequestResponse',
      'X-Amz-Log-Type': 'Tail'
    },
    body: payload
  });

  const result = JSON.parse(Buffer.from(response.Payload).toString());
  const logs = Buffer.from(response.LogResult, 'base64').toString();

  return { result, logs };
};

// Contoh usage
const { result, logs } = await invokeFunction('order-processor', {
  orderId: 'ORD-12345',
  customerId: 'CUST-67890',
  items: [
    { sku: 'PROD-001', quantity: 2 },
    { sku: 'PROD-002', quantity: 1 }
  ]
});

console.log(`Hasil: ${JSON.stringify(result)}`);
console.log(`Log:\n${logs}`);
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Pemanggilan Asinkron (Fire-and-Forget) 

const invokeAsync = async (functionName, payload) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest(`/functions/${functionName}/invocations`, {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
      'X-Amz-Invocation-Type': 'Event',
      'X-Amz-Log-Type': 'None'
    },
    body: payload
  });

  return {
    statusCode: response.StatusCode,
    executionId: response['X-Amz-Execution-Id']
  };
};

// Contoh trigger async
const result = await invokeAsync('email-sender', {
  to: 'customer@example.com',
  template: 'order-confirmation',
  data: { orderId: 'ORD-12345' }
});

console.log(`ID pemanggilan asinkron: ${result.executionId}`);
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Pemanggilan Dry Run 

const dryRunInvocation = async (functionName) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest(`/functions/${functionName}/invocations`, {
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
      'X-Amz-Invocation-Type': 'DryRun'
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Verifikasi izin IAM
try {
  await dryRunInvocation('order-processor');
  console.log('Izin pemanggilan OK');
} catch (error) {
  console.error('Izin ditolak:', error.message);
}
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Jenis Respons Pemanggilan

Jenis Perilaku Use Case
RequestResponse Sinkron, tunggu hasil API call, CLI command
Event Asinkron, fire-and-forget Event, notifikasi
DryRun Uji izin saja Validasi, debugging

Pengelolaan Versi & Alias

Menerbitkan Versi 

const publishVersion = async (functionName, description = null) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest(`/functions/${functionName}/versions`, {
    method: 'POST',
    body: description ? { Description: description } : {}
  });

  return response;
};

// Publish versi
const version = await publishVersion('order-processor', 'v1.2.0 - Tambah perhitungan pajak');
console.log(`Versi yang diterbitkan: ${version.Version}`);
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Membuat Alias 

const createAlias = async (functionName, aliasName, version, description = null) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest(`/functions/${functionName}/aliases`, {
    method: 'POST',
    body: {
      Name: aliasName,
      FunctionVersion: version,
      Description: description
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Alias produksi
const prodAlias = await createAlias('order-processor', 'prod', '5', 'Versi produksi');
console.log(`ARN Alias: ${prodAlias.AliasArn}`);
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Pergeseran Lalu Lintas dengan RoutingConfig 

const updateAliasWithRouting = async (functionName, aliasName, routingConfig) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest(`/functions/${functionName}/aliases/${aliasName}`, {
    method: 'PUT',
    body: {
      RoutingConfig: {
        AdditionalVersionWeights: routingConfig
      }
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Shift 10% traffic ke versi 6, sisanya ke versi 5
await updateAliasWithRouting('order-processor', 'prod', { '6': 0.1 });
// Jika sudah stabil, geser sepenuhnya
await updateAliasWithRouting('order-processor', 'prod', {});
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Contoh Alias

Alias Versi Tujuan
dev $LATEST Pengujian dev
staging Versi teruji QA/validasi
prod Versi stabil Lalu lintas produksi
blue Prod aktif Blue-green deployment
green Versi baru Blue-green deployment

Pemetaan Sumber Peristiwa

Membuat Pemicu SQS 

const createSQSEventSource = async (functionName, queueArn, batchSize = 10) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest('/event-source-mappings', {
    method: 'POST',
    body: {
      EventSourceArn: queueArn,
      FunctionName: functionName,
      BatchSize: batchSize,
      Enabled: true
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Contoh
const mapping = await createSQSEventSource(
  'order-processor',
  'arn:aws:sqs:us-east-1:123456789012:orders-queue',
  10
);

console.log(`Sumber peristiwa dibuat: ${mapping.UUID}`);
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Membuat Pemicu DynamoDB Stream 

const createDynamoDBEventSource = async (functionName, streamArn, startingPosition = 'LATEST') => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest('/event-source-mappings', {
    method: 'POST',
    body: {
      EventSourceArn: streamArn,
      FunctionName: functionName,
      StartingPosition: startingPosition,
      BatchSize: 100,
      BisectBatchOnFunctionError: true,
      MaximumRetryAttempts: 3
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Contoh
await createDynamoDBEventSource(
  'user-analytics',
  'arn:aws:dynamodb:us-east-1:123456789012:table/Users/stream/2026-03-25T00:00:00.000'
);
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Jenis Sumber Peristiwa

Sumber Use Case Dukungan Batch
SQS Antrean pesan Ya (1–10)
Kinesis Streaming realtime Ya (1–10.000)
DynamoDB Perubahan DB Ya (1–1.000)
S3 Event objek Tidak
EventBridge Event routing Ya
API Gateway HTTP API Tidak
Jadwal Cron job Tidak

Pengelolaan Layer

Membuat Layer 

const createLayer = async (layerName, layerConfig) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest('/layers', {
    method: 'POST',
    body: {
      LayerName: layerName,
      Description: layerConfig.description,
      CompatibleRuntimes: layerConfig.runtimes,
      Content: {
        S3Bucket: layerConfig.s3Bucket,
        S3Key: layerConfig.s3Key
      }
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Contoh
const layer = await createLayer('shared-utils', {
  description: 'Utilitas dan dependensi bersama',
  runtimes: ['nodejs20.x', 'nodejs18.x'],
  s3Bucket: 'my-layers-bucket',
  s3Key: 'shared-utils/v1.zip'
});

console.log(`ARN Layer: ${layer.LayerArn}`);
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Menggunakan Layer di Fungsi 

const createFunctionWithLayers = async (functionConfig) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest('/functions', {
    method: 'POST',
    body: {
      FunctionName: functionConfig.name,
      Runtime: functionConfig.runtime,
      Role: functionConfig.roleArn,
      Handler: functionConfig.handler,
      Code: {
        S3Bucket: functionConfig.s3Bucket,
        S3Key: functionConfig.s3Key
      },
      Layers: functionConfig.layers // Array ARN layer
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Contoh
await createFunctionWithLayers({
  name: 'api-handler',
  roleArn: 'arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/lambda-execution-role',
  handler: 'index.handler',
  runtime: 'nodejs20.x',
  s3Bucket: 'my-deployments-bucket',
  s3Key: 'api-handler/v1.0.0.zip',
  layers: [
    'arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:123456789012:layer:shared-utils:1',
    'arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:123456789012:layer:aws-sdk:3'
  ]
});
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Konkurensi & Penskalaan

Menyetel Konkurensi Cadangan 

const putFunctionConcurrency = async (functionName, reservedConcurrentExecutions) => {
  const response = await lambdaRequest(`/functions/${functionName}/concurrency`, {
    method: 'PUT',
    body: {
      ReservedConcurrentExecutions: reservedConcurrentExecutions
    }
  });

  return response;
};

// Cadangkan 100 eksekusi bersamaan
await putFunctionConcurrency('order-processor', 100);
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Batas Konkurensi Akun

Jenis Akun Batas Default Peningkatan
Free Tier 1.000 Ya
Pay-as-you-go 1.000 Ya
Enterprise 1.000+ Batas custom

Daftar Periksa Deployment Produksi

Pastikan checklist berikut sebelum deployment:

  • [ ] Gunakan AWS SDK untuk signing SigV4 otomatis
  • [ ] Terapkan versioning & alias
  • [ ] Konfigurasi reserved concurrency untuk fungsi penting
  • [ ] Siapkan DLQ untuk async invocation
  • [ ] Aktifkan X-Ray tracing
  • [ ] Konfigurasi VPC jika perlu akses DB
  • [ ] Implementasi logging terstruktur (JSON)
  • [ ] Setup alarm CloudWatch
  • [ ] Pakai layer untuk dependensi bersama
  • [ ] Terapkan strategi blue/green deployment

Kasus Penggunaan Dunia Nyata

Backend API

Perusahaan SaaS membangun REST API tanpa server:

  • Tantangan: Lonjakan traffic tidak terduga
  • Solusi: Lambda + API Gateway, auto scaling
  • Hasil: 99,99% uptime, biaya turun 60% vs EC2

Implementasi:

  • Satu Lambda per resource
  • API Gateway untuk routing/auth
  • DynamoDB untuk storage
  • Provisioned concurrency untuk latensi rendah

Pipeline Pemrosesan Event

Platform e-commerce untuk pemrosesan order:

  • Tantangan: Lonjakan order saat big sale
  • Solusi: SQS + Lambda batch processing
  • Hasil: Tidak ada order hilang, mampu handle lonjakan 10x

Implementasi:

  • SQS sebagai buffer order
  • Lambda proses 10 pesan per batch
  • DLQ untuk pesan gagal
  • CloudWatch alarm pada kedalaman antrean

Kesimpulan

API AWS Lambda memberikan kapabilitas komputasi serverless yang powerful. Poin utama untuk implementasi:

  • IAM auth dengan SigV4 signing (pakai AWS SDK)
  • Pola pemanggilan sinkron & asinkron
  • Versioning & alias untuk deployment
  • Event source mapping untuk arsitektur serverless
  • Layer untuk kode/dependensi bersama
  • Apidog memudahkan pengujian API & kolaborasi tim

Bagian FAQ

Bagaimana cara saya melakukan autentikasi dengan API Lambda?

Gunakan kredensial AWS IAM dan signature versi 4. AWS SDK otomatis menghandle proses signing.

Apa perbedaan antara pemanggilan sinkron dan asinkron?

Pemanggilan sinkron (RequestResponse): menunggu hasil eksekusi fungsi.

Pemanggilan asinkron (Event): permintaan langsung diantrekan, tidak menunggu hasil.

Bagaimana cara kerja versi Lambda?

Setiap versi yang diterbitkan adalah snapshot immutable dari fungsi. Alias digunakan untuk menunjuk versi tertentu dan mengatur pergeseran lalu lintas.

Apa itu Lambda Layers?

Layer adalah bundel kode/dependensi yang dapat digunakan bersama lintas fungsi Lambda.

Bagaimana cara mengurangi cold start?

Pakai provisioned concurrency, deployment package kecil, dan runtime terkompilasi (Go, Rust) untuk fungsi latensi-sensitif.

Apa itu konkurensi cadangan?

Reserved concurrency menjamin slot eksekusi untuk fungsi tertentu, mencegah "noisy neighbor".

Bisakah saya memicu Lambda dari S3?

Bisa, cukup konfigurasikan event notification pada bucket S3 untuk invoke Lambda saat objek dibuat/dihapus.

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