Suppose that wifi signal is like light. The 2.4 Ghz is red and the 5 Ghz is blue and green.
Windows are transparent to light. Walls and other objects are transparent to Wifi. It's just that they are usually a bit red-tinted so the blue and green of 5 Ghz are fading out quicker.
Suppose you can communicate by flashing a red light. You can only say "on" or "off" or let's 1 or 2. Now if you can flash a blue or green light you have "off", "blue" or "green" so that's 1, 2 or 3. In the same amount of time you can get more amount of information through.
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5-years-old version:
Suppose that wifi signal is like light. The 2.4 Ghz is red and the 5 Ghz is blue and green.