People and Economies: An Analysis of Impulse Theory and Its Effects

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the foundations of behavioral economics, contrasting the theoretical model of a perfectly rational "Econ" with actual human behavior. Drawing on the concepts of Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein, the authors explain the role of the choice architect and the mechanisms of libertarian paternalism. The text discusses in detail the impact of default options, loss aversion, and the fight against administrative "sludge." The reader will learn about the practical applications of nudging in personal finance (the Save More Tomorrow program), organ donation systems, and global climate policy. A comparison of governance models, exemplified by Israeli innovation and French etatism, sheds new light on the effectiveness of nudging theory in the modern state.