Rationality: Between Logic and the Psychology of Human Action

This text provides a comprehensive look at the nature of human reason, balancing rigorous logic with evolutionarily conditioned psychology. The author explains the difference between theoretical rationality, which strives for truth, and practical rationality, which focuses on efficiency. The reader will explore the mechanisms of cognitive biases, such as heuristics and hyperbolic discounting, which often lead to irrational choices. The article not only diagnoses mental traps but also offers concrete solutions: from "Odyssean self-control" to choice architecture techniques. The entire text concludes with an analysis of the fallacies that distort public debate, making this material an indispensable guide to the world of critical thinking and informed decision-making in the face of cognitive limitations.