Statistics and Uncertainty: The Role of Data in Modern Business

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the role of statistics in the contemporary business world, going beyond simple computational techniques. Drawing on the work of Peter Kenny, the author presents statistics as a key to understanding the anthropology of modern decisions made under conditions of uncertainty. The text thoroughly discusses the sample-population triad and random sampling methodology, highlighting the ethical aspects of dataism and managerial responsibility. The reader will learn how to avoid common forecasting pitfalls, such as extrapolation errors and overreliance on Gaussian models. The entire text is set in the context of global regulations regarding artificial intelligence and big data, promoting an informed and responsible approach to the analysis of numerical and categorical data in management processes.