The numbers don't make sense. JITs take time and Rust should be closer to C. Looking at the rust code it seems that for C you pre-allocate the result heap but in rust you use a vector which will mean it will constantly need to resize the heap.
In Java you used ArrayList<Integer> which isn't the equivalent of the C code so int[] pre-allocated should be faster and closer to the C style.
Still, I don't get why the C code will perform so badly. Did you try with O2, O3 etc.?
Thank you for your comment and for pointing out some potential issues with my experiment. As I mentioned in the post, there are many factors that can influence the performance of code, and I maintain that the results I presented should be taken with a grain of salt.
I appreciate your observations about the differences in the implementation of the code across languages, and I agree that this could have contributed to the discrepancies between C, Rust, and Java. I did not even think about this when I generated all the other codes from Python using ChatGPT. The points you made are certainly valid factors to consider when comparing the performance of these languages.
Additionally, I acknowledge that my use of the standard gcc compiler for C may not have been the most optimal choice. I did not even consider choice of compiler, but this could certainly be an interesting avenue for future investigation.
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The numbers don't make sense. JITs take time and Rust should be closer to C. Looking at the rust code it seems that for C you pre-allocate the result heap but in rust you use a vector which will mean it will constantly need to resize the heap.
In Java you used
ArrayList<Integer>which isn't the equivalent of the C code soint[]pre-allocated should be faster and closer to the C style.Still, I don't get why the C code will perform so badly. Did you try with O2, O3 etc.?
Thank you for your comment and for pointing out some potential issues with my experiment. As I mentioned in the post, there are many factors that can influence the performance of code, and I maintain that the results I presented should be taken with a grain of salt.
I appreciate your observations about the differences in the implementation of the code across languages, and I agree that this could have contributed to the discrepancies between C, Rust, and Java. I did not even think about this when I generated all the other codes from Python using ChatGPT. The points you made are certainly valid factors to consider when comparing the performance of these languages.
Additionally, I acknowledge that my use of the standard gcc compiler for C may not have been the most optimal choice. I did not even consider choice of compiler, but this could certainly be an interesting avenue for future investigation.