In contrast to increasing the number of shards for a database, reducing the number of shards is not a built-in operation. In addition, as shard splitting is only available in CouchDB 3.x and later, this advice is good for version 2.x as well.
couch-continuum
Neighbourhoodie has built the couch-continuum tool that automates the bulk changing of database parameters, including the number of shards for a database.
This tool can both increase and decrease the number of shards for a database in both CouchDB 2.x and 3.x.
There is just one caveat: it can not operate without taking the original database offline for the duration of its restore. So you can only do this during a maintenance window.
Discover more ways to keep your CouchDB project efficient on the Neighbourhoodie blog, where we regularly publish tips like this, plus guides and tutorials.
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