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William Wang
William Wang

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The Kelly Criterion: Mathematically Optimal Bet Sizing

The Only Optimal Bet Sizing Formula

The Kelly Criterion, developed by John Kelly at Bell Labs in 1956, tells you exactly how much to bet when you have an edge.

The Formula

Kelly % = (bp - q) / b

Where: b = odds, p = win probability, q = loss probability (1 - p)

Why This Matters

Every decision with uncertain outcomes is fundamentally a bet. Kelly tells you how aggressively to pursue opportunities.

The investment masters who use Kelly include Ed Thorp, Bill Gross, and Warren Buffett.

Example

60% chance of 2x return: Kelly % = (2 x 0.6 - 0.4) / 2 = 40%

Half-Kelly Principle

Most sophisticated investors use "half Kelly" because:

  1. Probability estimates are uncertain
  2. Kelly assumes infinite bets (you cannot)
  3. Loss pain exceeds gain joy
  4. Full Kelly volatility is stomach-churning

Key Insights

  • Never bet more than Kelly: Over-betting guarantees ruin
  • Zero edge = zero bet: No edge means do not play
  • Edge estimation is crucial: Formula is only as good as inputs

Learn at KeepRule. Practice with scenarios.


Size your bets optimally. KeepRule

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