One of the ways to synchronize users via a third-party provider with Keycloak is a mechanism called User Federation. It allows, using Kerberos or LDAP protocol, to pull user entries from your corporate authentication storage. However, if your organization is big enough to have a complex structure and there are a lot of users in the user directory, it could be challenging to get only a subset of the accounts that belong to different organization units.
For example, Active Directory models a tree-based structure using the following entities:
- CN = Common Name
- OU = Organizational Unit
- DC = Domain Component
All the distinguished names can be found in the official documentation provided by Microsoft.
To configure a new User Federation in Keycloak, it's required to specify a User DN. This distinguished name is the base object in the directory information tree where the search begins forming candidates for pulling authentication entries. Therefore, we need to know how to construct the User DN.
The base option that an Active Directory administrator could use to create user accounts is to organize them under organizational units:
OU=Main,DC=Orgname,DC=ru
Even if your organizational unit has a complex structure, it's still relatively easy for Keycloak to find user entries inside it – just activate the Search Scope: Subtree setting when configuring the user federation. In large organizations, the Active Directory structure can get quite messy. Instead of using clear distinguished names, administrators do something surprising even to them. How about putting entries under CN in different organizational units?
This is what I encountered while working on corporate user authentication for a media platform's CMS. User entries of the editors were grouped via the Common Name. So, there is no way to define User DN in the way I've mentioned in the example above. Fortunately, the LDAP connection allows providing a filter for Active Directory. In my case, writing the filter to select all of the members of the CMS_EDITOR group was enough to solve a problem:
(&(objectCategory=Person)(sAMAccountName=*)(|(memberOf=CN=CMS_EDITOR,OU=Security,OU=Groups,OU=Central,OU=Main,DC=Orgname,DC=ru)))
Moreover, the Custom User LDAP Filter setting in Keycloak supports logical operators like or with |, and I could use it for finding not only the members of the editor staff but also CMS admins, guests, etc.
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