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amaendeepm
amaendeepm

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Composability as the Backbone of Financial Reporting Systems for Energy Data Systems

Building a financial reporting and settlement engine isn't just about accurate computation — it's about traceability, composability, and the ability to reproduce and audit outcomes over time.

If your data originates from smart meters with 15-minute or hourly granularity, and your financial system spans price signals, tariffs, and ownership hierarchies (meter ➝ site ➝ customer), then designing it as a set of composable APIs can bring powerful benefits.

I scribble some thoughts here how I approached this challenge using Rust + Axum, where each logical method in the system — whether computing settlement or exposing raw volumes — everything itself available as an API. This architecture creates both internal cohesion and external transparency.

🧠 The Challenge: Financial Precision at High Granularity

We're working with:

  • Time-series meter data: Often 15-min or hourly intervals across months
  • Market price feeds: Varying by timestamp and market area
  • Tariff Data: May vary by region, time, and meter type
  • Tariff Data Updates Stream: As these registered tariffs can have their price factors changing continuously
  • Meter Tariff Applicable Updates Stream: Certain meters can have certain Tariffs applied or removed continuously
  • Meter Metadata: E.g., whether a meter is producing or consuming energy
  • Hierarchical Ownership: Meters belong to sites, which are owned by customers

From these sources, the system must reliably produce:

  1. Meter-level settlements
  2. Site-level earnings summaries
  3. Customer-level financial reports
  4. Historical tariff applications Reports
  5. Regulatory and operational Reporting

🧩 The Composability Model: APIs as Building Blocks

Each core unit of logic in the system is exposed as a standalone API. This allows internal services, third-party partners, custom API consuming dashboards, or auditors to access precise computations or trace upstream data paths.

Examples of foundational API units include:

  • get_market_prices(market_area, from, to)
  • get_meter_volume(meter_id, from, to)
  • get_tariffs_for_meter(meter_id, at_time)
  • get_tariffs_for_market_area(market_area, at_time)
  • get_meter_metadata(meter_id)

These are the base APIs from which higher-order functions are built.

🧮 Settlement APIs: From Day to Month

The key settlement methods also follow this pattern of composability:

  • get_meter_settlement_for_a_day(meter_id, date)

Composes market price, volume, tariff, and meter metadata APIs
Calculates net earnings or costs for that day
Returns detailed breakdown and computation trace

  • find_meter_settlement_for_a_month(meter_id, month)

Iteratively calls the above day-level function for each day in the month
Aggregates results, ensuring that no computation logic is duplicated
Enables both replayability and caching of daily results if needed

This "bottom-up" design makes it easy to debug or reproduce any monthly report — one only needs to examine the sequence of daily settlements, each of which is itself transparent and testable.

🗺️ Time-Aware Tariffs

Another key aspect is tariff applicability over time:

  • get_tariffs_for_meter(meter_id, at_time)
  • get_tariffs_for_market_area(market_area, at_time)

This historical querying capability is essential when re-running settlement logic for past months, back-calculating earnings, or responding to regulatory audits. The tariff API understands effective-dating and changes in rate plans, making the system resilient to business rule changes.

🏠 Sites and Meters: Rolling Up the Hierarchy

Meters are grouped under sites — physical locations or logical assets. This adds the next layer of composability:

  • get_meters_for_site(site_id)
  • get_site_volume_report(site_id, from, to)
  • get_site_earnings(site_id, from, to)

The get_site_earnings API internally fetches all meters for the site and invokes the settlement functions for each. This allows:

  • Consistent logic across reporting levels
  • Reuse of underlying APIs without rewriting aggregation logic
  • Flexibility to adapt site structure without changing core computations

👥 Customer Roll-Up: Portfolio-Level Reporting

Sites, in turn, belong to customers — often large entities owning multiple assets. Composability enables seamless escalation of reports:

  • get_sites_for_customer(customer_id)
  • get_customer_earnings(customer_id, from, to)
  • get_customer_tariff_payments(customer_id, from, to)

This structure supports both financial reporting and portfolio analytics, all built from the same underlying API bricks. A regulator or analyst can request data from any layer with the same traceable logic.

⚙️ Why Rust + Axum?

Rust brings:

  • Memory safety and concurrency: Crucial for processing large time-series datasets
  • Strong type guarantees: Reduces bugs in critical financial computations
  • Speed: Allows real-time reporting without offloading to batch jobs unnecessarily

Axum complements this by:

  • Encouraging clear routing and modular handler design
  • Enabling each logical function to live as a clean, secure endpoint
  • Making API-first composability feel natural and expressive

🔍 Benefits of the Architecture

✅ Transparency
Every report — from a single day’s earnings to an annual customer invoice — can be traced through API chains.

✅ Reproducibility
Historical data is easy to replay using the same input calls that produced it. No hidden black-box logic.

✅ Scalability
Each function can be scaled independently, cached, or parallelized as needed.

✅ Debuggability
If something doesn’t add up, it’s easy to inspect intermediate outputs (e.g., which tariff was applied at what time).

✅ Extensibility
New functions like get_emissions_report_for_site or simulate_tariff_change_impact can be composed using the same APIs — no need to start from scratch.

📈 Conclusion

When building a financial reporting and settlement engine from the ground up — especially for metered data — composability is not just an architectural choice; it's a functional necessity.

By ensuring that every critical method is both reusable and externally exposed, the system becomes:

  • Easier to test
  • Safer to evolve
  • More valuable to stakeholders

Rust + Axum provides the perfect canvas for this type of design. It’s fast, reliable, and expressive — letting you focus on composing logic, not fighting infrastructure.

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