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Anusha Kuppili
Anusha Kuppili

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Docker Explained from Real Project Pain (Not Theory)

Introduction

Docker didn’t click for me because of tutorials or diagrams.
It clicked when a real project started breaking in very real ways.

I was working on an end-to-end application stack that included:

  • Node.js web server
  • MongoDB database
  • Redis messaging system
  • Ansible for orchestration

On paper, it looked manageable. In reality, it was chaos.

The Problem We Were Fighting

Here’s the thing.
Each component worked fine on its own, but getting them to live together was painful.

1. OS and Version Compatibility

Some services worked only on specific OS versions.
Others needed different library versions.

One service wanted library v1.
Another needed v2.
The OS supported only one.

That’s when you hit what many engineers call the dependency matrix from hell.

2. Onboarding New Developers Was Slow

Every new team member had to:

  • Install the correct OS
  • Install multiple services
  • Match exact versions
  • Run long setup commands
  • Debug environment-specific issues

Days were wasted before anyone wrote real code.

3. Small Changes Had Big Side Effects

Updating one component could break others.
Even OS patching became risky.

That’s when I started looking for a better way.

Enter Docker

Docker solved the problem by changing where dependencies live.

Instead of installing everything on the host machine:

  • Each service runs inside its own container
  • Each container carries its own libraries and dependencies
  • All containers share the same OS kernel, but remain isolated

Once Docker was set up, onboarding became simple:

docker run <service>
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Same app.
Same behavior.
Any machine.

What Are Containers Really?

Containers are isolated environments that include:

  • Their own processes
  • Their own network stack
  • Their own filesystem

But unlike virtual machines, they share the host OS kernel.

This makes containers:

  • Lightweight
  • Fast to start
  • Easy to reproduce

Docker didn’t invent containers, but it made them usable for everyday developers.

Why OS Knowledge Matters

Most Linux systems consist of:

  • The kernel (common across distros)
  • The user-space software (differs per distro)

Because Docker containers share the kernel:

  • You can run Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS containers on the same host
  • As long as the host kernel is Linux

On Windows and macOS, Docker runs Linux containers inside a lightweight VM.

Containers vs Virtual Machines

Aspect Virtual Machines Docker Containers
Isolation Full OS per VM Process-level
Resource Usage Heavy Lightweight
Boot Time Minutes Seconds
Disk Space Large Minimal

Docker isn’t replacing VMs.
It complements them.

In real environments, containers often run inside VMs.

Images vs Containers

  • Image → blueprint or template
  • Container → running instance of that image

One image can spawn multiple containers.

If a container fails, you delete it and start another. No drama.

Why Docker Changed DevOps

Before Docker:

  • Devs wrote apps
  • Ops struggled to reproduce environments

With Docker:

  • Configuration lives in a Dockerfile
  • Devs and Ops collaborate on the same artifact
  • The app behaves the same in dev, test, and prod

That’s real DevOps.

Getting Started with Docker

This guide uses Docker Community Edition (CE).

Supported Platforms

  • Linux
  • macOS
  • Windows
  • Cloud VMs (AWS, Azure)

Install on Ubuntu (Quick Path)

sudo apt-get remove docker docker.io docker-engine
sudo apt-get update
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
sudo sh get-docker.sh
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Verify:

docker version
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Your First Container

docker run docker/whalesay cowsay Hello Docker
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If you see a whale talking back, you’re good.

Core Docker Commands

docker run nginx
docker ps
docker ps -a
docker stop <container>
docker rm <container>
docker images
docker rmi <image>
docker pull redis
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Detached mode:

docker run -d redis
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Execute inside a container:

docker exec <container> cat /etc/*release*
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Final Thoughts

Docker removes environment friction.
It lets you focus on building, not fixing setups.

If you’re learning Docker, follow structured labs first.
Hands-on beats theory every time.

Happy containerizing 🐳

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