In this review we dissert about different regulatory mechanisms of gene expression implemented by ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of age-related neurovascular impairment, aiming to highlight the potential use of ncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnostic/prognostic purposes as well as novel therapeutic targets.
To evaluate the ethnic distribution of Israeli patients with the syndrome of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA).
The medical records of patients with PFAPA attending 2 pediatric tertiary medical centers in Israel from March 2014 to March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with concomitant familial Mediterranean fever were excluded. Ethnicity was categorized as Mediterranean, non-Mediterranean, and multiethnic. Findings were compared with patients with asthma under treatment at the same medical centers during the same period.
The cohort included 303 patients with PFAPA and 475 with asthma. Among the patients with PFAPA, 178 (58.7%) were of Mediterranean descent (Sephardic Jews or Israeli Arabs), 96 (33.0%) were multiethnic, and 17 (5.8%) were of non-Mediterranean descent (all Ashkenazi Jews). Patients with PFAPA had a significantly higher likelihood of being of Mediterranean descent than the patients with asthma (58.7% vs 35.8%; P<.0001). The Mediterranean PFAPA subgroup had a significantly earlier disease onset than the non-Mediterranean subgroup (2.75±1.7 vs 3.78±1.9years, P<.04) and were younger at disease diagnosis (4.77±2.3 vs 6.27±2.9years, P<.04).
PFAPA was significantly more common in patients of Mediterranean than non-Mediterranean descent. Further studies are needed to determine the genetic background of these findings.
PFAPA was significantly more common in patients of Mediterranean than non-Mediterranean descent. Further studies are needed to determine the genetic background of these findings.
To develop an index to determine which opioid-exposed neonates have the most severe neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).
Full-term neonates with NAS (n=116) from mothers maintained on methadone or buprenorphine were enrolled from 8 sites into a randomized clinical trial of morphine vs methadone. Ninety-nine (85%) were evaluated at hospital discharge using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS). At 18months, 83 of 99 (83.8%) were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III), and 77 of 99 (77.7%) were evaluated with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).
Cluster analysis was used to define high (n=21) and low (n=77) NAS severity. Compared with infants in the low NAS severity cluster, infants in the high NAS severity cluster had a longer length of stay (P<.001), longer length of stay due to NAS (P<.001), longer duration of treatment due to NAS (P<.001), and higher total dose of the study drug (P<.001) and were more likely to have received phenobarbital (P<.001), to have been treated with morphine (P=.020), and to have an atypical NNNS profile (P=.005). The 2 groups did not differ in terms of maximum Finnegan score. At 18months, in unadjusted analyses, compared with the high-severity cluster, the low-severity cluster had higher scores on the Bayley-III Cognitive (P=.013), Language (P<.001), and Motor (P=.041) composites and less total behavior problems on the CBCL (P=.028). In adjusted analyses, the difference in the Bayley-III Language composite remained (P=.013).
Presumptive measures of NAS severity can be aggregated to develop an index that predicts developmental outcomes at age 18months.
Presumptive measures of NAS severity can be aggregated to develop an index that predicts developmental outcomes at age 18 months.
To assess the prognostic role of hepatitis in pediatric patients with aplastic anemia and the incidence of hepatitis B among patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia in an area with a previously high prevalence of hepatitis B after nationwide hepatitis B vaccination for 30years.
Pediatric patients (n=78) with aplastic anemia were enrolled in this study, including 9 with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia. We collected the clinical characteristics, etiologies of the aplastic anemia, hepatitis B virus serology and serum hepatitis B viral load, response to the treatments, and survival outcome from the participants. We applied univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis to evaluate the correlations between clinical features and survival outcome. Survival analysis was done using Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier curves.
Patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia were related to significantly worse survival prognosis when compared with patients with non-hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia, and hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia was the only independent prognostic factor to predict a poor survival outcome in our patients with aplastic anemia by multivariable analysis. In none of the total 78 patients was aplastic anemia related to hepatitis B virus infection.
Patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia had a significantly worse prognosis when compared with patients whose aplastic anemia was not hepatitis-associated. This study demonstrates the potential benefit of hepatitis B vaccination in decreasing the incidence of hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia in children.
Patients with hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia had a significantly worse prognosis when compared with patients whose aplastic anemia was not hepatitis-associated. This study demonstrates the potential benefit of hepatitis B vaccination in decreasing the incidence of hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia in children.This study sought to examine the co-expression of the following purinergic receptor subunits P2X1, P2X1del, P2X4, and P2X7 and characterize the P2X response in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Single-cell RT-PCR shows the presence of P2X1, P2X1del, P2X4, and P2X7 mRNA in 40%, 5%, 20%, and 90% of human MDMs, respectively. Of the studied human MDMs, 25% co-expressed P2X1 and P2X7 mRNA; 5% co-expressed P2X4 and P2X7; and 15% co-expressed P2X1, P2X4, and P2X7 mRNA. In whole-cell patch clamp recordings of human MDMs, rapid application of ATP (0.01 mM) evoked fast current activation and two different desensitization kinetics 1. selleck compound a rapid desensitizing current antagonized by PPADS (1 μM), reminiscent of the P2X1 receptor's current; 2. a slow desensitizing current, insensitive to PPADS but potentiated by ivermectin (3 μM), similar to the P2X4 receptor's current. Application of 5 mM ATP induced three current modalities 1. slow current activation with no desensitization, similar to the P2X7 receptor current, present in 69% of human macrophages and antagonized by A-804598 (0.selleck compound
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