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A JavaScript interview question asked at Facebook

elisabethgross on December 09, 2019

Wow what a week! Last week’s challenge was a big hit. In case you missed it, here's a link to last week’s article here and the challenge on Coderby...

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Vincent Thibault • Dec 10 '19 • Edited

I would not use WebAnimation API :

It reset the element transform so you need to get current transform value at first place to apply your translate and give it back to the API at each call (so you can't reuse the keyframes at all...)
It's awesome for sequential animations, that's not the case here.

As for requestAnimationFrame, isn't it overkill too ?

I would use CSS transition for this kind of stuff.

The tricky part is to avoid reseting things at each call, so you need to:

Apply the translateX to the transform value (without erasing scale, reseting position, ...).
Add the transition rule to the stack without erasing others (opacity ? colors ? ...).

function animate(element, duration, translateX) {
  const MatrixAPI = window.DomMatrix || window.WebKitCSSMatrix; // Just for compatibility issue
  const currentMatrix = getComputedStyle(element).getPropertyValue('transform');
  const newMatrix = new MatrixAPI(currentMatrix).translateSelf(translateX, 0, 0);
  const transitionRules = (element.style.transition || '').split(',').filter(Boolean);

  element.style.transition = transitionRules
     .filter(rule => !/transform/i.test(rule))
     .concat(`transform ${duration}ms`)
     .join(',');

  element.style.transform = newMatrix;
}

elisabethgross • Dec 10 '19

Nice work!!

Richard Schloss • Dec 10 '19 • Edited

Maintaining state is not really that big of a deal using the webanimation api. The element's position is always a property of the element. Even though it wasn't asked of the question to maintain the final position, this is what the method could look like if that were a concern:

function animate(elm, milliseconds, distance) {
  const { x } = elm.getBoundingClientRect()
  elm.animate([
    { transform: `translateX(${x}px)` },
    { transform: `translateX(${x + distance}px)` }
  ], {
    duration: milliseconds,
    fill: 'forwards'
  })
}

Still simpler. I would think the question should have also asked for units to be passed in as an argument to make it far more versatile.

I agree with you though! I would prefer to keep all animation logic in CSS. When I first read the question, I was thinking exactly about that, but I was also wondering what Facebook's goal might be in asking this question. Are they hoping the candidate to be aware of the built-in JS methods? If so, it's a good question to see how well the candidate is keeping his/her knowledge current. Or, maybe it's an opportunity for the candidate who is current to teach the interviewer something new. Is Facebook hoping the candidate to be able to do better than the built-in or will they get worried if the candidate goes down a rabbit hole? Etc.

Working example on jsfiddle

Update 12/11/2019: I provide a more complete example below (thanks to Vincent's reasoning)

Vincent Thibault • Dec 11 '19 • Edited

Well actually it's more about building re-usable function you can use in every context (as a NPM package for example) than a real "Facebook Challenge" (who knows what they are really expecting from it ?)

The problem I can see from yours (even if it's a really simple solution) :

Causing a reflow because of getBoundingClientRect() (yes, performance can be a problem in mobile development)
Reseting pre-defined scale, rotate parameters (transform:rotate() scale(), ...).
Has bad position calculation if the element has CSS position relative/absolute/fixed with left parameters assigned.

In fact, this one with same bugs can be rewritten with CSS transition in less lines and better browser support :

// Buggy, please do not use !
function animate(elm, milliseconds, distance) {
  elm.style.transition = `transform ${milliseconds}ms`;
  elm.style.transform = `translateX(${elm.getBoundingClientRect().x + distance}px)`;
}

So yeah, WebAnimation API is powerful and awesome, but should always be used depending of the context (but It was quite fun to see an actual usage, thanks for it !)

Richard Schloss • Dec 11 '19 • Edited

Interesting perspective. I like the points you bring up! Fwiw, I think the API will eventually address those concerns, which I thought would have been addressed by now in 12/2019, but still being worked on (so yes, my mistake, my apologies). Future options I think will preserve state a bit better.

Vincent Thibault • Dec 11 '19

Wow interesting I didn’t know about it!
With future options it’s gonna be a real game-changer!

Richard Schloss • Dec 9 '19 • Edited

Also, I think the removeBackspaces method can further be reduced with reduce:

function removeBackspaces(arr) {
  return arr.reduce((result, val) => {
    val === '-B' ? result.pop() : result.push(val)
    return result
  }, [])
}

Gives me the same result, I think, and helps guard against typical problems introduced by loops, such as "off-by-one" errors. (array.reduce helps the iteration stay within the bounds of the array size)

Richard Schloss • Dec 9 '19 • Edited

For the Facebook question, just "cheat"...just create a wrapper around the built-in JS web-animation API and be done with it in 2 seconds (elm.animate(...)). The built-in isn't third party and technically not breaking directions...so...half cheating, I guess. No need to re-invent the wheel...

elisabethgross • Dec 10 '19

Generally speaking, most interview questions are given despite well known methods / libraries being around that have already solved a problem! I have often been asked to implement lodash methods for example, even though in the real world, I'd just use lodash.

Tom Shaw • Dec 10 '19

With a couple extra parameters.


var el = document.getElementById("myDiv");

function animate(el, totalTime, distance, startTime, position) {
    if (position >= distance) return;

    var expired = (new Date() - startTime) / 1000;
    position = expired * distance / totalTime * 1000; 

    el.style.left = position + 'px';

    requestAnimationFrame(function() {
        animate(el, totalTime, distance, startTime, position);
    });
}

animate(el, 2000, 300, new Date(), 50);

elisabethgross • Dec 10 '19

Nice! Although this will move the element from a given position, rather than where it is on the page.

Tom Shaw • Dec 11 '19

Thanks! Another fun challenge would be to add a timing function lerp, similar to cubic-bezier(x1, y1, x2, y2) to vary the speed over the course of the duration. It's a leap forward in complexity but quite doable.

Yair • Dec 10 '19

This will only work if the element is absolute positioned.

Tom Shaw • Dec 10 '19

Have you tried el.style.transform = "translate(x,y)"

bairrada97 • Dec 10 '19

My solution:

const animate = (element, miliseconds, distance) =>{
element.style.transition = all ${miliseconds/1000}s ease;
element.style.transform = translateX(${distance}px) ;

}

animate(document.querySelector('div'), 2000, 100)

Steve Clark 🤷‍♀️ • Dec 12 '19

This is what I got.

let animate = (el, milliseconds, distance) => {
  let element = document.getElementById(el);
  element.setAttribute(
    "style",
    `transform:translateX(${distance}px); transition-duration: ${milliseconds}ms;`
  );
};
animate("para", 2000, 500);```

Ibrahim Ibrahim • Dec 10 '19

I think the challenge is asking if you know how to use requestanimationframe basically.

Stephen Irving • Dec 10 '19

But that is crazy overkill for this task. The appropriate way to implement this in current year is to use CSS. If an animation can be done without issue in CSS you should never use JS to do it. That is actually kind of a good rule to extrapolate and follow for everything on the front-end: Use JS only for the things you can't do with other technologies.

elisabethgross • Dec 10 '19

Good point!

Richard Schloss • Dec 12 '19

And, just a helpful link: Passing Parameters to CSS animation if anyone is interested... this would be the CSS way of doing it. JS events fire (like "scrolling", "mousemove") and the data from those events get passed to the css vars (but maybe someday we'd find it easier to pass an argument to a method in JS instead? easier to test maybe?). I think the webanimations API will surprise us all in [1-2 years?] and challenge us all as to what we do in JS vs CSS. I could be wrong. I'm still thinking about the pros and cons.

Luiz Guilherme • Dec 10 '19

elisabethgross • Dec 10 '19

Nice solution!