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Unit and Integration Testing in HarmonyOS 5

Testing and debugging are essential steps to ensure the quality and stability of any application. For HarmonyOS 5 development, unit testing and integration testing are two key approaches to validate the independence and collaboration of modules. This article walks through how to conduct both types of tests effectively in HarmonyOS.

1. Unit Testing

1.1 Purpose

Unit testing verifies the smallest testable parts of an application (such as functions or methods). It allows early detection of bugs and ensures correctness. The objectives are:

  • Ensure individual module functionality;
  • Detect and fix logical issues early;
  • Support refactoring with automated regression checks.

1.2 Tools

HarmonyOS supports various mainstream testing frameworks:

  • GTest (Google Test): C++ unit test framework with rich assertion support;
  • Mockito: Mocking framework for Java unit testing;
  • JUnit: Standard framework for Java-based unit tests, also applicable for HarmonyOS Java modules.

1.3 Example

A sample test for an addition function using GTest:

#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include "calculator.h"

TEST(CalculatorTest, AddFunction) {
    Calculator calc;
    EXPECT_EQ(calc.add(2, 3), 5);
    EXPECT_EQ(calc.add(-1, 1), 0);
    EXPECT_EQ(calc.add(0, 0), 0);
}
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1.4 Execution

Use the following command to execute tests:

./calculator_test
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The output shows test results. If a test fails, review the assertion messages, update the code, and rerun the tests.

2. Integration Testing

2.1 Purpose

Integration testing ensures that modules work together as expected. It checks interface calls, data transfer, and business workflows. It helps to:

  • Validate inter-module communication;
  • Confirm correctness of API calls;
  • Ensure end-to-end process consistency.

2.2 Tools

Common tools for integration testing in HarmonyOS:

  • Unity: Lightweight C testing framework, supports cross-platform;
  • Postman: For API simulation and response verification;
  • TestRunner: Official test runner for HarmonyOS, supports CI/CD integration.

2.3 Example

Testing a weather app's integration from frontend to backend:

it('should get weather based on user location', async () => {
    const location = getUserLocationMock();
    const weather = await getWeatherFromServer(location);
    expect(weather.status).toBe(200);
    expect(weather.data).toHaveProperty('temperature');
});
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2.4 Debugging Tips

Due to complexity, common debugging strategies include:

  • Logging: Track input/output across modules;
  • Mocking: Replace external dependencies with mocks;
  • API debugging tools: Use Postman to validate API interactions.

3. Conclusion

Unit and integration testing are essential for ensuring stability and reliability in HarmonyOS 5 apps. By designing and executing tests properly, developers can catch issues early and maintain high-quality code. Combining these with CI/CD tools enables automation and boosts overall development efficiency.

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