Epistemics: The World as Structure and Cognitive Biases

This article provides an in-depth analysis of epistemics—a discipline that examines the structure of knowledge and the mechanisms of reasoning. The author argues that our perception of reality is not a direct reflection of the world, but a process of active reconstruction fraught with numerous cognitive biases. Citing the work of Richard Nisbett, the text introduces the reader to the world of logical and statistical tools, such as the law of large numbers and regression to the mean. The phenomena of naive realism and rational unconsciousness, which influence everyday decisions, are discussed. The reader learns how deconstructing established thought patterns and understanding sunk costs allows for greater logical rigor in science and business. This is a compendium of knowledge for those seeking to optimize their mental models in a world dominated by information noise.