What is a parallel public chain?
The transaction execution of traditional smart contract platforms (such as Ethereum) is serial: one transaction can be executed only after the next one is executed, and even if the transactions do not affect each other, they cannot be processed in parallel. This leads to a very low throughput (TPS). Ethereum has an average of only a dozen TPS, and transaction congestion and gas fees soar during peak hours. Parallel public chains are different. They analyze the dependencies between each transaction and execute independent transactions on multiple computing cores at the same time. In layman’s terms, it is to make the blockchain multi-channel parallel operation like an assembly line, split the tasks into small pieces and process them in parallel, which can greatly increase the transaction speed and processing volume. Parallel public chains came into being for this reason: they break through the TPS bottleneck through multi-threaded concurrent execution, allowing more transactions to be confirmed instantly, thereby solving the problem of transaction jams on traditional chains.
Introduction to mainstream parallel public chain projects
Currently, many new-generation public chains are exploring parallel execution architectures, and representative projects include:
Monad: A next-generation chain compatible with Ethereum. It uses technologies such as “pipelining” and asynchronous I/O to process transactions in parallel. Official data shows that after rethinking the core mechanism of Ethereum, Monad can support about 10,000 transactions per second (TPS). In short, while ensuring EVM compatibility, Monad divides transactions into segments for parallel execution and consensus, greatly improving the speed, and the gas fee is extremely low.
Aptos: A high-performance Layer1 chain built by the former Meta team. It uses the new Move smart contract language and Block-STM parallel engine to process transactions, and supports multi-threaded parallel execution at design time. The official goal given by Aptos is to achieve 100,000 transactions per second in theory. In actual tests, Aptos has achieved more than 160,000 TPS through 32 threads of parallel processing. It can be seen that Aptos has greatly improved throughput by executing multiple transactions in parallel (optimistic execution) at the block level.
Sei: A Layer1 chain optimized for digital asset transactions. Sei introduced a parallelized Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) execution engine, allowing the originally serial Ethereum contracts to be processed in parallel, significantly improving transaction speed and throughput. At the same time, Sei uses a dual-turbo consensus and native matching engine, focusing on transaction application scenarios. The official also stated that Sei V2 further adopts the “optimistic parallel” mechanism and upgrades the storage layer to make transaction confirmation faster and maintain compatibility with the existing EVM ecosystem.
Technical features and mechanisms of Bitroot parallelized Layer1
Bitroot is an independent Layer1 public chain designed from the bottom up, that is, built around “high performance + high concurrency”. Its technical architecture includes: parallel transaction engine, multi-threaded pipeline (Pipeline) BFT consensus mechanism, and optimized Gas fee model. In other words, Bitroot supports scheduling multiple threads to process transactions at the same time from the protocol layer, and adopts pipeline parallel operations in the block generation and consensus links. The ultimate goal is to generate blocks in seconds and ultra-high TPS. In addition, Bitroot introduced the native token BRT as a means of Gas payment, combined with a self-developed fee model to reduce costs and maintain extremely low transaction fees. It also natively supports on-chain asset issuance (such as BTC asset issuance), cross-chain bridging, NFT and other functions, and reserves CeDeFi and AI Agent modules in the ecosystem. It is worth mentioning that Bitroot is integrating with AI technology, and its high-performance parallel architecture and edge computing capabilities can provide low-latency, high-bandwidth distributed computing support for reasoning and training of large AI models.
The operating mechanism of Bitroot is to enable the chain to process transactions with extremely high concurrency through a completely independent multi-threaded parallel architecture and Pipeline consensus, without relying on other networks or Layer2 expansion.
Bitroot test network performance and user activity
Since its launch in mid-April 2025, the Bitroot test network has achieved impressive data: in just two weeks, the number of test network addresses has exceeded 50,000, the daily on-chain transaction volume has exceeded 10,000, the measured peak TPS has reached more than 50,000, and the average block time is only about 0.3 seconds. These data reflect the powerful performance of its parallel architecture. In addition, community participation is also high. It is reported that developers and ordinary users from China, Latin America, Southeast Asia and other regions are actively experiencing the test network, and generally feedback that Bitroot’s interaction is very smooth, transaction confirmation is fast, and the user experience is “silky” and “extreme”. Bitroot officials also stated that users participating in the test network will have the opportunity to receive subsequent incentives, and early contributions will be given priority. It can be said that the Bitroot test network has attracted the attention of a large number of users and developers, and has laid a good foundation for the official main network and ecological construction.
Bitroot’s differentiated advantages
High concurrent TPS: Bitroot has supported a throughput capacity of more than 50,000 TPS under a parallel architecture. Relevant information shows that the peak TPS has exceeded 50,000 in the testing phase, and the goal will be to exceed 200,000 in the future through edge computing and other means. Such a high TPS ensures that there will be no transaction accumulation in large-scale DeFi or game applications.
Ultra-low latency: Bitroot has achieved sub-second block generation (about 0.3 seconds). In other words, as long as the transaction is submitted, a new block confirmation can be generated almost instantly, thereby minimizing the lag experience of traditional blockchains.
High scalability: Due to the parallel execution design, Bitroot can linearly expand processing power by adding computing nodes and threads. At peak demand, developers can configure more cores for verification nodes to increase on-chain throughput accordingly, which makes Bitroot have higher expansion potential as hardware investment increases.
AI support: Bitroot has considered AI application scenarios from the beginning. It uses parallel architecture and edge computing to support the reasoning and training of large AI models. Compared with ordinary public chains, Bitroot can provide underlying computing power guarantees for various intelligent applications in the future while meeting high performance. It is currently one of the few Layer1 blockchains optimized specifically for AI.
Native Gas model: Bitroot uses its own native token BRT as Gas fee, and significantly reduces user costs through an optimized rate model. According to the official introduction, Bitroot’s fees are extremely low (even less than one cent), and users no longer need to worry about high Gas fees, and can easily conduct DeFi lending or NFT transactions. At the same time, the local Gas model is also conducive to the circulation and driving of the token BRT within the ecosystem, laying the foundation for the long-term healthy development of the ecosystem.
Join and experience the Bitroot testnet
Parallelized public chains have brought about a qualitative change in blockchain performance through parallel execution technology, and Bitroot is an innovative force that combines “performance” and “independence”. Its testnet has achieved remarkable results, paving the way for the upcoming mainnet and ecosystem. As the Bitroot team said, “Whether you are a developer who wants to lay out a new generation of infrastructure or an early user looking for an opportunity to participate, now is a good time to join the Bitroot ecosystem.” We encourage readers who are interested in Web3 technology to pay attention to Bitroot and participate in its testnet to experience high-speed transactions and rich functions. I believe you will be full of expectations for this high-performance parallel public chain.
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