Understanding `Math.random()`, `Math.floor()`, and Arrays in JavaScript

If you're starting with JavaScript and want to understand how to work with random numbers, round them down, and store values in arrays — you're in the right place!

🔢 1. Math.random(): Generating Random Numbers

Math.random() is a built-in JavaScript function that returns a random decimal number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).

console.log(Math.random()); // e.g., 0.7238475932

But most of the time, we want random whole numbers — not decimals. That’s where Math.floor() comes in.

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🧮 2. Math.floor(): Rounding Down Numbers

Math.floor() takes a number and rounds it down to the nearest whole number.

console.log(Math.floor(4.9)); // Output: 4
console.log(Math.floor(7.1)); // Output: 7

You can use both Math.random() and Math.floor() together to get a random integer.

// Random number between 0 and 9
let randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);
console.log(randomNumber);

Here’s how it works:

• Math.random() → gives a number like 0.7382
• * 10 → scales it to 7.382
• Math.floor() → turns it into 7

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📦 3. Arrays: Storing Multiple Values

An array in JavaScript is a way to store a list of values.

let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
console.log(fruits[0]); // "apple"

You can combine arrays with Math.floor() and Math.random() to select random items.

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🎯 Example: Pick a Random Fruit

let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"];
let randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * fruits.length);
console.log(fruits[randomIndex]);

This code randomly picks a fruit from the array.

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🧠 Quick Summary

Function	Description
Math.random()	Returns a random decimal [0, 1)
Math.floor()	Rounds a number down to an integer
Array	Stores multiple values in a list