Creating a Calculator using Java AWT

#java #programming #tutorial #guiapplication

In this Java tutorial,

We will learn how to build a simple calculator using Java AWT. This calculator has some simple functionality like all the basic mathematical operations and some special addon features , we will see as we follow
So let’s get started
FIRST of all small description on AWT
AWT(Abstract Window Toolkit) is an API that helps in building GUI (Graphical User Interface) based java applications. GUI helps in user interactions using some graphics. It primarily consists of a set of classes and methods that are required for creating and managing the GUI in a simplified manner such as buttons,windows,frame,textfield,RadioButton etc
I have provided the Java code for the calculator which uses Action listener interface for EventHandling.
And yes its not an applet code, which is deprecated

import java.awt.*;  
import java.awt.event.*;  
class MyCalc extends WindowAdapter implements ActionListener{ 
  Frame f; 
Label l1;
Button b1,b2,b3,b4,b5,b6,b7,b8,b9,b0;
Button badd,bsub,bmult,bdiv,bmod,bcalc,bclr,bpts,bneg,bback;
double xd;
double num1,num2,check;

MyCalc(){  
  f= new Frame("MY CALCULATOR");
// INSTANTIATING COMPONENETS 
l1=new Label(); 
l1.setBackground(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
l1.setBounds(50,50,260,60);


b1=new Button("1");
  b1.setBounds(50,340,50,50);
b2=new Button("2");
  b2.setBounds(120,340,50,50);
b3=new Button("3");
  b3.setBounds(190,340,50,50);
b4=new Button("4");
  b4.setBounds(50,270,50,50);
b5=new Button("5");
  b5.setBounds(120,270,50,50); 
b6=new Button("6");
  b6.setBounds(190,270,50,50);
b7=new Button("7");
  b7.setBounds(50,200,50,50);
b8=new Button("8");
  b8.setBounds(120,200,50,50);
b9=new Button("9");
  b9.setBounds(190,200,50,50);
b0=new Button("0");
  b0.setBounds(120,410,50,50);
bneg=new Button("+/-");
  bneg.setBounds(50,410,50,50);
bpts=new Button(".");
  bpts.setBounds(190,410,50,50);
bback=new Button("back");
 bback.setBounds(120,130,50,50);

badd=new Button("+");
  badd.setBounds(260,340,50,50);
bsub=new Button("-");
  bsub.setBounds(260,270,50,50);
bmult=new Button("*");
  bmult.setBounds(260,200,50,50);
bdiv=new Button("/");
  bdiv.setBounds(260,130,50,50);
bmod=new Button("%");
  bmod.setBounds(190,130,50,50);
bcalc=new Button("=");
  bcalc.setBounds(245,410,65,50);
bclr=new Button("CE"); 
  bclr.setBounds(50,130,65,50);


b1.addActionListener(this); 
b2.addActionListener(this);  
b3.addActionListener(this);  
b4.addActionListener(this);  
b5.addActionListener(this); 
b6.addActionListener(this); 
b7.addActionListener(this); 
b8.addActionListener(this); 
b9.addActionListener(this);  
b0.addActionListener(this);

bpts.addActionListener(this);  
bneg.addActionListener(this);
bback.addActionListener(this); 

badd.addActionListener(this);
bsub.addActionListener(this);
bmult.addActionListener(this);
bdiv.addActionListener(this);
bmod.addActionListener(this);
bcalc.addActionListener(this);
bclr.addActionListener(this); 

f.addWindowListener(this);
//ADDING TO FRAME   
f.add(l1);  
f.add(b1); f.add(b2); f.add(b3); f.add(b4); f.add(b5);f.add(b6); f.add(b7); f.add(b8);f.add(b9);f.add(b0);

f.add(badd); f.add(bsub); f.add(bmod); f.add(bmult); f.add(bdiv); f.add(bmod);f.add(bcalc);

f.add(bclr); f.add(bpts);f.add(bneg); f.add(bback);

f.setSize(360,500);  
f.setLayout(null);  
f.setVisible(true);  
} 
                     //FOR CLOSING THE WINDOW
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
  f.dispose();
}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ 
  String z,zt;
                        //NUMBER BUTTON 
if(e.getSource()==b1){
 zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"1";
  l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==b2){
zt=l1.getText();
z=zt+"2";
l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==b3){
  zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"3";
  l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==b4){
  zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"4";
  l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==b5){
  zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"5";
  l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==b6){
  zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"6";
  l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==b7){
  zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"7";
  l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==b8){
  zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"8";
  l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==b9){
  zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"9";
  l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==b0){
  zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"0";
  l1.setText(z);
}

if(e.getSource()==bpts){  //ADD DECIMAL PTS
  zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+".";
  l1.setText(z);
}
if(e.getSource()==bneg){ //FOR NEGATIVE
  zt=l1.getText();
  z="-"+zt;
  l1.setText(z);
}

if(e.getSource()==bback){  // FOR  BACKSPACE
  zt=l1.getText();
  try{
    z=zt.substring(0, zt.length()-1);
    }catch(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException f){return;}
  l1.setText(z);
}
                //AIRTHMETIC BUTTON
if(e.getSource()==badd){                     //FOR ADDITION
  try{
    num1=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
    }catch(NumberFormatException f){
      l1.setText("Invalid Format");
      return;
    }
  z="";
  l1.setText(z);
  check=1;
}
if(e.getSource()==bsub){                    //FOR SUBTRACTION
  try{
    num1=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
    }catch(NumberFormatException f){
      l1.setText("Invalid Format");
      return;
    }
  z="";
  l1.setText(z);
  check=2;
}
if(e.getSource()==bmult){                   //FOR MULTIPLICATION
  try{
    num1=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
    }catch(NumberFormatException f){
      l1.setText("Invalid Format");
      return;
    }
  z="";
  l1.setText(z);
  check=3;
}
if(e.getSource()==bdiv){                   //FOR DIVISION
  try{
    num1=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
    }catch(NumberFormatException f){
      l1.setText("Invalid Format");
      return;
    }
  z="";
  l1.setText(z);
  check=4;
}
if(e.getSource()==bmod){                  //FOR MOD/REMAINDER
  try{
    num1=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
    }catch(NumberFormatException f){
      l1.setText("Invalid Format");
      return;
    }
  z="";
  l1.setText(z);
  check=5;
}
                         //RESULT BUTTON
if(e.getSource()==bcalc){          
  try{
    num2=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
    }catch(Exception f){
      l1.setText("ENTER NUMBER FIRST ");
      return;
    }
  if(check==1)
    xd =num1+num2;
  if(check==2)
    xd =num1-num2;
  if(check==3)
    xd =num1*num2;
  if(check==4)
    xd =num1/num2; 
  if(check==5)
    xd =num1%num2;    
  l1.setText(String.valueOf(xd));
}
                        //FOR CLEARING THE LABEL and Memory
if(e.getSource()==bclr){
  num1=0;
  num2=0;
  check=0;
  xd=0;
   z="";
   l1.setText(z);
   } 

}  
//MAIN METHOD where objects of MyCalc is instantaiated
 public static void main(String args[]){  
       new MyCalc();  
   }
}

SO what I did is just implemented ActionListenerinterface in our MyCalc class and in its constructor i Register the AWT components with the Listener and done EventHandling using actionPerformed method.
OUR all the logic part in written in this actionPerformed function only which we will see below:

LOGIC PART

1.FOR NUMERIC BUTTON

if(e.getSource()==b1){ //b1 for number 1
 zt=l1.getText();
  z=zt+"1";// 1 will merged at the end of the previous value
  l1.setText(z);
}

when any of the numeric button pressed
whatever value in label l1 will be stored in a variable zt and then concatenated with the corresponding number and and then displayed in the label l1
for NEGATIVE and DECIMAL PTS Button we did it similarly

2.FOR AIRTHMETIC BUTTON

if(e.getSource()==badd){  //FOR ADDITION
    num1=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
  z="";
  l1.setText(z);
  check=1; // 1 for the adddition
}

NOW here we store the value of label l1 into a variable num1 after converting into double type which will be technically 1st number
and then and set label l1 to null

we will just use a check variable for getting that this particular airthmetic button(here +) was clicked so we can do this operation in our = button

3.FOR EQUALS BUTTON

if(e.getSource()==bcalc){          
    num2=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
  if(check==1)
    xd =num1+num2;
  if(check==2)
    xd =num1-num2;
  if(check==3)
    xd =num1*num2;
  if(check==4)
    xd =num1/num2; 
  if(check==5)
    xd =num1%num2;    
  l1.setText(String.valueOf(xd));
}

NOW again store the value of l1 into num2 variable which will be techincally 2nd number
and then check the value of variable check and then do corresponding operation and after that display result in label l1

4.FOR CLEAR BUTTON

 if(e.getSource()==bclr){
  num1=0;
  num2=0;
  check=0;
  xd=0;
   z="";
   l1.setText(z);
   }

here updated all the variable we use to its Default value 0
and set label l1 to null so that we can start our new calculation afterward

5.FOR BACKSPACE BUTTON

 if(e.getSource()==bback){  // FOR  BACKSPACE
  zt=l1.getText();
  try{
    z=zt.substring(0, zt.length()-1);
    }catch(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException f){return;}
  l1.setText(z);
}

here just updates the value in l1 by removing last digits using substring function
and handled one StringIndexOutOfBoundsException which occur when our value in label is null and still pressing back Button

6.SPECIAL ADDONS FEATURE

what I did is just handled one execption in EQUAL and all AIRTHMETIC Buttons and printed a desired message according to situtation
inside AIRTHMETIC BUTTONS:

try{
    num1=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
    }catch(NumberFormatException f){
      l1.setText("Invalid Format");
      return;
    }

inside EQUALS BUTTON:

try{
    num2=Double.parseDouble(l1.getText());
    }catch(Exception f){
      l1.setText("ENTER NUMBER FIRST ");
      return;
    }

when we was converting the value into the double value, BUT lets say that, label l1 has null value (i.e. label is empty) and we still pressed these button then it will generate NumberFormatException execption,
So handled that and printed desired message
For eg:
If I click1 then + and then i click - instead of some other numeric button, hence this an invalid format, and when -was clicked at that time label was null hence execption generated so just handled it and printed invalid format inlabel

SIMILARLY, when label is null,and = was clicked in that situation ENTER NUMBER FIRST will be displayed inside label

With this, we come to an end of this Java AWT Tutorial.
So just go through the code and try it. If you have any difficulty in understanding or using the code, then you ask by commenting below.
If you would like to download & run my CALC you can find here
I have uploaded both source code & executable jarfile