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Sandeep
Sandeep

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Day 18: Spark Performance Tuning

Welcome to Day 18 of the Spark Mastery Series. Today’s content is about speed, cost, and stability.
You can write correct Spark code - but if it’s slow, it fails in production.

Let’s fix that.

🌟 1. Understand Where Spark Spends Time

In most pipelines:

  • 70–80% time → shuffles
  • 10–15% → computation
  • Rest → scheduling & I/O So optimization = reduce shuffle.

🌟 2. Shuffles — What to Watch For
In explain():

  • Look for Exchange
  • Look for SortMergeJoin
  • Look for too many stages These indicate expensive operations.

🌟 3. Real Optimization Techniques
🔹 Broadcast Small Tables
Use when lookup < 10–50 MB.
🔹 Repartition on Join Keys
Align partitions → less data movement.
🔹 Aggregate Before Join
Reduce data volume early.

🌟 4. Partition Strategy That Works

  • For ETL → fewer, larger partitions
  • For analytics → partition by date
  • Tune
spark.sql.shuffle.partitions
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Default (200) is rarely optimal.

🌟 5. Cache Only When Necessary
Bad caching:

df.cache()
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without reuse → memory waste.

Good caching:

df.cache()
df.count()
df.join(...)
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🌟 6. Explain Plan = Your Debugger
Always use:

df.explain(True)
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Learn to read:

  • Logical plan
  • Optimized plan
  • Physical plan This skill alone makes you senior-level.

🌟 7. Real-World Example
Before optimization

  • Runtime: 45 minutes
  • Multiple shuffles
  • UDF usage

After optimization

  • Runtime: 6 minutes
  • Broadcast join
  • Early filtering
  • No UDF

🚀 Summary
We learned:

  • Why Spark jobs are slow
  • How to identify shuffles
  • How to reduce shuffles
  • Partition & caching strategy
  • How to use explain() effectively

Follow for more such content. Let me know if I missed anything. Thank you!!

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