Incorporating malaria vaccination together with chemoprevention: a good new method of malaria handle.

Erst eine Konzeptualisierung, die das Medium von Sprache und Sozialität in seiner Eigengesetzlichkeit zum ersten Gegenstand des Verstehens macht, kann verständlich machen, was wir im Verstehen tatsächlich verstehen Sinn – als die Art und Weise, wie ein Subjekt sich im Medium von Sprache und Sozialität selbst reproduziert.The coexistence of aldosterone oversecretion and obstructive sleep apnea is frequently observed, especially in patients with resistant hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Since aldosterone excess and sleep apnea are both independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, to investigate whether their coexistence might be attributed to common predisposing conditions, such as metabolic disorders, or to an actual pathophysiological interconnection appears of great importance. Fluid overload and metabolic abnormalities relating to aldosterone oversecretion may be implicated in obstructive sleep apnea development. Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia may in turn exacerbate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, thus leading to hyperaldosteronism. Furthermore, fat tissue excess and adipocyte secretory products might predispose to both sleep apnea and aldosterone oversecretion in subjects with obesity. Consistent with these evidences, obstructive sleep apnea frequently affects patients with primary aldosteronism. Conversely, whether primary aldosteronism is more prevalent in individuals affected by obstructive sleep apnea compared to the general population remains controversial. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in reducing the progression of albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is well-documented. However, the efficacy and safety of these agents in normotensive patients with DKD are still controversial. MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant random controlled trials. The odd risk (OR) reductions were calculated with a random-effects model. Decrease in albuminuria, changes in eGFR, major cardiovascular events, and drug-related adverse events were analyzed. Thirteen RCTs including 1282 patients were retrieved. Compared with placebo or other active agent groups, ACEIs or ARBs significantly decreased albuminuria (MD -80.28 mg/d, 95% CI -104.79 mg/d to -55.77 mg/d), and the efficacy is independent of changes in blood pressure and systolic blood pressure at baseline. The result of subanalysis showed the declining of albuminuria was more significantly in normotensive DKD patients with 2DM (p=0.005). No significant differences were found with regard to the declining of evaluated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (MD -0.29 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI -2.99 to 2.41 ml/min/1.73 m2). There were no significant differences in the side effect of the drugs such as hypotension and hyperkalemia. This meta-analysis demonstrated that ACEIs or ARBs can decrease albuminuria to varying degree in normotensive patients with DKD, and better response occurred in patients with 2DM. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.OBJECTIVE  In this study, our objective was to explore the relevant influencing factors of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in Southern China and provide scientific basis for improving the quality of life for neonates. STUDY DESIGN  A retrospective analysis of 306 cases with HIE neonates who were admitted during April 2015 to October 2017 was conducted. Dansylcadaverine A total of 306 non-HIE patients admitted to the same hospital during the same period were also included as controls. The basic clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the risk factors for HIE were assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS  Univariate analysis showed that the differences in medicals during pregnancy, placenta previa, fetal distress during labor, cesarean section, amniotic fluid contamination, abnormal labor stage, and Apgar showed significantly different in the case group and the control group (p  less then  0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the placenta previa, medicals during pregnancy, fetal distress, abnormal labor stage, Apgar's score, amniotic fluid contamination, and cesarean section were independent risk factors for HIE. CONCLUSION  The placenta previa, medicals during pregnancy, fetal distress, and abnormal labor stage can increase the risk of HIE. Early detection, early diagnosis, and treatment might make great achievement in improving the life quality of HIE neonates. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.BACKGROUND  Single-operator cholangioscopy (SOC) provides an accurate diagnosis of indeterminate pancreaticobiliary strictures. However, the procedure is expensive and can be performed using only limited accessories. Therefore, we devised a novel tube-assisted biopsy (TAB) technique and evaluated its feasibility, diagnostic yield, and safety for indeterminate pancreaticobiliary strictures. METHODS  The medical records of patients with indeterminate pancreaticobiliary strictures who underwent TAB between September 2018 and July 2019 were reviewed. We assessed the technical success rate, adverse event rate, sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of TAB in differentiating malignant from benign lesions. RESULTS  TABs were performed in 16 patients 12 had biliary strictures; four had pancreatic strictures. The technical success rate was 93.7 % (15/16), and the sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of TAB were 87.5 %, 100 %, and 93.7 %, respectively. No serious adverse events occurred either during or after the procedure in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS  TAB has an acceptable accuracy for the diagnosis of indeterminate pancreaticobiliary strictures and may represent a useful diagnostic method in patients where SOC cannot be implemented. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.The present study was performed to examine the antihypertensive effect of neferine in hypertensive rats and its relaxant mechanisms in isolated rat thoracic aorta. The antihypertensive effect was evaluated by tail-cuff methods on NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (40 mg/kg BW) 4-week hypertensive-induced hypertensive rats. The vasorelaxant effect and its mechanisms were studied by the organ bath technique in the thoracic aorta isolated from normotensive rats. The results indicated that the treatment of neferine (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) markedly decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) when compared with the hypertension group (137.75 ± 10.14 mmHg and 132.23 ± 9.5 mmHg, respectively, p  less then  0.001), without affecting the heart rate. Moreover, neferine (10-12 - 10-4 M) exhibited concentration-dependent vasorelaxation in endothelium-intact rings (Emax values = 98.95 ± 0.66% and pD2 = 7.93 ± 0.28) and endothelium-denuded rings (Emax values = 90.61 ± 1.91% and pD2 = 6.85 ± 0.36). The effects of neferine were reduced by pre-incubation with L-NAME and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) but not with pre-incubation with indomethacin and K+channel blockers.Dansylcadaverine