These results challenge the view that emotion modulates visual working memory quality and quantity. HDAC inhibitor (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Intimate partner aggression (IPA) is a significant public health burden, and thus efforts to identify individual characteristics that predict perpetration of IPA is an important research question. Personality disorders are a significant correlate of IPA, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Much of that work, however, had been conducted in younger samples. IPA in older adults is a relatively understudied area of research generally. Thus, examining the association between personality pathology and IPA in older adults is novel and important. In previous work using the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network sample, we found that borderline personality disorder was a robust correlate of perpetrating partner aggression in older, romantically involved participants. In the current analyses, we attempted to replicate our original findings in the same sample assessed 2.5 years later. We also extended the original work by using both self- and partner-reported IPA and by using latent factors of personality pathology. We found that prevalence of IPA in this sample was similar to the baseline assessment; 69.1% reported IPA in the past year, with the vast majority being psychological/verbal rather than physical aggression. Agreement between partners on perpetration was modest. Borderline personality pathology was again the strongest and most consistent predictor of IPA. Our findings speak to the continuing public health burden of borderline personality pathology into older age as evidenced by associations with perpetration of IPA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).The present study aims at empirically exploring subtypes of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), based on patient descriptors of the psychotherapeutic process. Subtype identification and characterization of NPD is central, in particular, to increase diagnostic precision, linking categorical and dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology, and to individualize treatments. A total of N = 161 patients diagnosed with NPD undergoing clarification-oriented psychotherapy were included in the present reanalysis of a naturalistic pre-post process-outcome study. At three crucial time-points of the therapy (Sessions 15, 20, and 25), the patient's in-session quality of content, process, and relationship are assessed using intensive video- and audio analyses. Levels of psychopathology were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed using longitudinal nonparametric analysis. Based on in-session processes across three time-points, a two-subtype solution was retained (optimal vs. suboptimal process qualities). Optimal process quality of time was linked with the intensity of narcissistic symptoms; suboptimal process quality was linked with a variety of general symptom loads and problematic personality traits. The two empirical subtypes were predicted by the quality of real-life functioning with an accuracy of more than 92% and were partially associated with outcome. NPD may be empirically differentiated between patients engaging in optimal psychotherapy process versus those who engage in suboptimal psychotherapy process. This differentiation has reliable clinical predictors at the outset of treatment. The present study has implications in terms of personalizing psychotherapy for patients presenting NPD, or pathological narcissism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Sexual aggression remains a significant public health problem, with the majority of sexual assaults involving alcohol. Founded upon an experimental medicine approach to behavior change, the current study used a proximal change experiment to target and test emotion regulation (ER) as a mechanism underlying alcohol-involved sexual aggression.
Heavy episodic drinking men aged 21-30 with a sexual assault perpetration history (N = 209) were randomly assigned to a brief, online, ER-focused cognitive restructuring or mindfulness intervention or to control. Intervention effects were evaluated during sober and intoxicated states through laboratory-based alcohol administration (target BrAC = .08%). Intoxicated and sober participants completed a proximal change protocol that included implementing ER skills during a sexual aggression analogue that assessed relevant emotions and intentions.
Path analysis demonstrated that relative to control, the cognitive restructuring intervention improved emotional modulation andns improved proximal ER skills associated with reduced sexual aggression intentions, signifying ER as an important mechanism for changing sexually aggressive behavior. Because intervention efficacy varied by intoxication state, further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of ER interventions targeting real-world alcohol-involved sexual aggression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
To analyze the independent associations of depression and diabetes distress with self-management and glycemic outcome in Type I (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Six hundred six people with T1DM or T2DM participated in a cross-sectional survey including measures of depression (PHQ-9), diabetes distress (PAID-5), self-management behavior (DSMQ), and glycemic outcome (HbA1c). Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the independent linear associations (standardized coefficients) between these variables.
In those with T1DM (n = 339), both depressive symptoms and diabetes distress were associated with lower self-management (-0.34, p < .001, and -0.16, p = .007, respectively) and thereover (indirectly) with higher HbA1c (0.20, p < .001, and 0.10, p = .016, respectively); direct associations with HbA1c were not observed. In those with T2DM (n = 267), only depressive symptoms were associated with lower self-management (-0.41, p < .001) and thus (indirectly) with higher HbA1c (0.17, p <s diabetes types. Diabetes distress was additionally associated with higher glycemic levels, suggesting that people with both depression and diabetes distress might have the least optimal outcome. The conclusions are limited by the cross-sectional study design, self-report assessment of behavior, and potential bias arising from questionnaire measures. Further research is needed to support these findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).HDAC inhibitor
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