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Horowitz Griffith
Horowitz Griffith

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Mitochondrial dysfunction within grownup midbrain dopamine neurons sparks an early on immune reply.

The primary outcome is the occurrence of IDH. Outcome assessors and data analysts will be blinded and participants will be asked not to reveal their allocation to assessors. The outcome analyses will be performed both on the intention-to-treat, which includes all patients randomised, and per-protocol population, which includes eligible patients who adhere to the planned treatment and follow-ups.

The trial protocol has been approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (2019.385)Results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

ChiCTR2000039724.
ChiCTR2000039724.
Pain is a universal experience and the most common reason for seeking healthcare. Inadequate pain management negatively impacts numerous aspects of patient health. Multidisciplinary treatment programmes, including psychosocial interventions, are more useful for pain management than purely biomedical treatment alone. Recently, researchers showed increasing interest in understanding the role of spirituality/religiosity and spiritual/religious practices on pain experience, with engagement in religious practices, such as prayer, showing to positively impact pain experience in religious individuals. This systematic review will seek to summarise and integrate the existing findings from randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of prayer and prayer-based interventions on pain experience.

The systematic review procedures and its report will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Electronic searches in nine databases (Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINin.

CRD42020221733.
CRD42020221733.
This study examines the length of time between when a patent application is filed in Canada for a new drug and when it is available for patients (time to market) and various components of that time. It also looks at whether various factors explain the time between patent application to New Drug Submission (NDS) and compares Canadian and American times. Drugs approved between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018 are examined.

Descriptive study.

Websites from Health Canada, Food and Drug Administration, Merck Index, United States Patent and Trademark Office, WHO and previously published articles.

None.

The primary outcomes are time to market, time from patent application to NDS (pre-NDS time), review time, time from approval to availability (postapproval time) and factors that may influence the pre-NDS time. The secondary outcome is a comparison of Canadian and American review times and times between patent application and approval.

There were 113 drugs available for analysis. The median time to market was 11.80 years (IQR 9.40-14.05). The component median times were pre-NDS 10 years (IQR 8.05-12.80), review time 0.96 years (IQR 0.75-1.15) and postapproval time 0.15 years (IQR 0.08-0.28). Less than 8% of the pre-NDS time was explained by the factors that were analysed in a multiple linear regression equation. There was no statistically significant difference between Canadian and American pre-NDS times.

Once a drug reaches the market, companies have a median of 8.2 years before the patent expires and generics can reach the market. Most of the time between the filing of a patent application and when a drug is marketed is determined by decisions that are largely under the control of the company.
Once a drug reaches the market, companies have a median of 8.2 years before the patent expires and generics can reach the market. TPCA-1 solubility dmso Most of the time between the filing of a patent application and when a drug is marketed is determined by decisions that are largely under the control of the company.
To compare the incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged from 6 months to 3 years across birth seasons and climate conditions.

Cohort study.

Fifteen regional centres across Japan.

A total of 100 304 children born from 2011 to 2014.

Birth month, and mean sunshine duration (short/long) and humidity (high/low) in the first 6 months of life.

Incidence of atopic dermatitis.

The highest incidence of atopic dermatitis was in children born in the months of October to December. The lowest incidence of atopic dermatitis was in the months of April to June and in periods with a long duration of sunshine and high humidity. Low humidity was significantly associated with a higher incidence of atopic dermatitis. However, this significant difference disappeared when the birth season and parental history of allergic disease were considered in multivariate analysis.

In Japan, being born in the late autumn to early winter months is associated with a risk of developing atopic dermatitis until the age of 3 years. Sunshine duration and humidity from birth to 6 months of age are not associated with the incidence of atopic dermatitis.
In Japan, being born in the late autumn to early winter months is associated with a risk of developing atopic dermatitis until the age of 3 years. Sunshine duration and humidity from birth to 6 months of age are not associated with the incidence of atopic dermatitis.
Point-of-care ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia (POCUS-GRA) provides safe, rapid analgesia for older people with hip fractures but is rarely performed in the emergency department (ED). Self-perceived inadequate training and time to perform POCUS-GRA are the two most important barriers. Our objective is to assess the feasibility of a proposed multicentre, stepped-wedge cluster randomised clinical trial (RCT) to assess the impact of a knowledge-to-practice (KTP) intervention on delirium.

Open-label feasibility study.

An academic tertiary care Canadian ED (annual visits 60 000).

Emergency physicians working at least one ED shift per week, excluding those already performing POCUS-GRA more than four times per year.

A KTP intervention, including 2-hour structured training sessions with procedure bundle and email reminders.

The primary feasibility outcome is the proportion of eligible physicians that completed training and subsequently performed POCUS-GRA. Secondary outcome is the time needed to complete POCUS-GRA.TPCA-1 solubility dmso

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