Laravel is a free, open-source PHP web framework used for web application development. It was created by Taylor Otwell in 2011 and has since become one of the most popular PHP frameworks, with a large and active community of developers. Laravel is known for its elegant syntax, extensive documentation, and robust set of features, making it a popular choice for developers building modern web applications.
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In this article, we will explore the key features and benefits of Laravel development, as well as how it compares to other popular PHP frameworks. We will also delve into the basics of Laravel development, including installation, routing, and working with controllers and views.
Features and Benefits of Laravel
One of the main reasons developers choose Laravel is its rich set of features and tools that make it easy to build modern, feature-rich web applications. Some of the key features and benefits of Laravel include:
MVC architecture: Laravel follows the model-view-controller (MVC) architectural pattern, which separates an application into three components: the model, which represents the data and business logic; the view, which represents the user interface; and the controller, which handles user input and communicates with the model and view. This architecture helps to ensure a clean, modular codebase and makes it easier for developers to write and maintain code.
Eloquent ORM: Laravel comes with a built-in object-relational mapper (ORM) called Eloquent, which allows developers to work with databases using simple PHP objects. This makes it easier to query and manipulate data, and helps to reduce the amount of SQL code that needs to be written.
Artisan console: Laravel includes a command-line interface called Artisan, which provides a number of useful commands for tasks such as migrating and seeding databases, creating controllers and models, and more. Artisan can also be extended with custom commands, making it easy to automate repetitive tasks and build custom workflows.
Blade template engine: Laravel uses the Blade template engine to generate HTML views, making it easy to create dynamic and reusable templates. Blade provides a number of helpful features, such as conditional statements, loops, and template inheritance, which can help to simplify view code and reduce the amount of duplication.
Homestead: Laravel includes Homestead, a pre-packaged Vagrant box that provides a convenient development environment for Laravel applications. Homestead includes a Linux-based virtual machine with PHP, MySQL, and other tools pre-installed, making it easy to get up and running with Laravel development.
Dependency injection: Laravel uses dependency injection to manage class dependencies, making it easier to manage and test code. Dependency injection allows developers to specify the dependencies of a class in the constructor, making it easier to swap out different implementations and mock dependencies for testing.
Reverse routing: Laravel's reverse routing feature allows developers to use named routes to generate URLs, making it easier to refactor routes and maintain a consistent URL structure across an application.
Package ecosystem: Laravel has a large and active community of developers who have created a wide range of packages and tools that can be easily integrated into Laravel applications. These packages can help to add new features and functionality to an application, such as payment processing, social media integration, and more.
Comparing Laravel to Other PHP Frameworks
Laravel is not the only popular PHP framework available, and developers may consider other options when choosing a framework for a new project. Some of the other popular PHP frameworks include:
CodeIgniter: CodeIgniter is a lightweight, fast and widely used. It has been around for a long time so it has the longevity and support you need for your project. CodeIgniter is extremely versatile and is almost was popular was Laravel.
Symfony: Symfony is a set of reusable PHP components that can be used to build web applications. It is known for its modular design and flexibility, and is often used as the foundation for large, complex projects. Symfony is generally considered to be more flexible and configurable than Laravel, but may require more setup and configuration.
Zend Framework: Zend Framework is a collection of PHP libraries and components that can be used to build web applications. It is known for its focus on security and performance, and is often used in enterprise-level projects. Zend Framework may be more suitable for developers who need a high level of control and customization, but may require a steeper learning curve than Laravel.
Yii: Yii is a high-performance PHP framework that is well-suited for building web applications with complex requirements. It is known for its fast performance and efficient database access, and is often used in large-scale projects. Yii may be a good choice for developers who need to optimize the performance of their application, but may be less beginner-friendly than Laravel.
Getting Started with Laravel Development
To get started with Laravel development, you will need to have PHP and a web server (such as Apache or Nginx) installed on your machine. Laravel also requires a database management system, such as MySQL or PostgreSQL.
Once these prerequisites are installed, you can use the Laravel installer tool to create a new Laravel project. This can be done by running the following command:
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel your-project-name
This will create a new Laravel project in a directory with the specified name. You can then navigate to the project directory and start the Laravel development server by running the following command:
php artisan serve
This will start the development server and make your Laravel application accessible at http://localhost:8000.
Routing in Laravel
In Laravel, routes are used to define the URLs that map to different parts of your application. Routes can be defined in the routes/web.php file, which is located in the root of your Laravel project.
Here is an example of a simple route that defines a URL and a corresponding controller action:
Route::get('/', 'HomeController@index');
In this example, the get method specifies that this route should be accessible via an HTTP GET request, and the / URL maps to the index action of the HomeController controller. When a user navigates to the / URL, the index action will be executed and the corresponding view will be displayed.
Laravel also supports route parameters, which can be used to pass data to a controller action. For example:
Route::get('users/{id}', 'UserController@show');
In this example, the {id} parameter will be passed to the show action of the UserController controller, and can be used to display data for a specific user.
Controllers and Views in Laravel
In Laravel, controllers are used to handle user input and communicate with the model and view layers of an application. Controllers are typically defined in the app/Http/Controllers directory, and are usually organized by the feature or resource they are responsible for.
Here is an example of a simple controller that defines an index action:
<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class HomeController extends Controller
{
public function index()
{
return view('home.index');
}
}
In this example, the index action returns a view called home.index, which is located in the resources/views directory.
Views are used to define the user interface of an application and are typically written in HTML, with embedded PHP code used to display data and logic. Laravel uses the Blade template engine to make it easy to create dynamic and reusable views.
Here is an example of a simple Blade template that displays a list of users:
@extends('layout.app')
@section('content')
<h1>Users</h1>
<ul>
@foreach ($users as $user)
<li>{{ $user->name }}</li>
@endforeach
</ul>
@endsection
In this example, the @extends directive specifies that this view should extend a layout view called layout.app, which defines the overall structure of the page. The @section directive defines a content block that can be overridden by child views, and the @foreach loop iterates over a list of users and displays their names.
Conclusion
Laravel is a powerful and popular PHP framework that makes it easy to build modern, feature-rich web applications. Its rich set of features and tools, including MVC architecture, Eloquent ORM, Artisan console, Blade template engine, and dependency injection, make it a popular choice for developers building all kinds of web applications. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, Laravel offers a friendly and powerful development environment that can help you build high-quality web applications quickly and efficiently.
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Top comments (2)
I really love laravel, it's no wonder it become the most used php framework. I managed to use different design patterns in laravel 11, and using different mechanisms like service providers bindings for flexibility and maintainability.
A major benefit of using Laravel (and that might be true for all the mentioned frameworks) is that Laravel provides a consistent way of doing most of the basic stuff each web app needs. Many can argue if it is the best way, of course, but most of the small projects suffer in the long run with lack of consistency. If developers follow the framework way of doing things, the project will be consistent and it won't be a pain to grow / maintain.
I’ve been working with Laravel for about 6 years now and in the last month I've been reading its source code. It requires some basic knowledge, but it feels really good to understand exactly how things work. I’m documenting that on youtube youtube.com/@ReadThinkWriteCode
Would love to share ideas with others that might find this interesting.