Manual Testing: It is the process in which test cases are executed manually without any automation tool. Tester executes all the test cases manually and ensures if the application is working as expected, and as mentioned in the requirement document. Test case reports are also generated manually.
Manual testing is mandatory for every newly developed software before automated testing. This testing requires great efforts and time.It does not require any knowledge of automated testing tools.
There are different types of manual testing which includes
1) White box testing : The white box testing is done by developer, where the developer checks every line of code before giving it to the Test Engineer. Since the code is visible for the developer during the testing, it is also known as White box testing.
2) Black box testing : It is done by the Test Engineer, where the tester can check the functionality of an application or the software according to the customer /client's needs. In this, the code is not visible while performing the testing. So ,it is known as black-box testing.
3) Gray box testing : Gray box testing is a combination of white box and Black box testing. It can be performed by a person who knew both coding and testing. And if the single person performs white box, as well as black-box testing for the application, is known as Gray box testing.
4) Exploratory testing: testers explore the application or software without predefined test cases
5) Usability testing: Testers interact with the application, performing various tasks and providing feedback on the overall user experience.
6) Ad-hoc testing: Testers perform testing without following any specific test cases or scripts. They test the application based on their knowledge, experience, and target areas that might have defects.
7) Functional testing: It is a type of testing where testers check if features of the System Under Test are working as expected according to its specified requirements. The primary goal of functional testing is to ensure that the software performs the functions it was assigned to do.
8) Non-Functional testing : A type of software testing that verifies non functional aspects of the product, such as performance, stability, and usability
Benefits of Manual testing:
- It does not require programming knowledge
- Tester interacts with software as a real user so that they are able to discover usability and user interface issues.
- Ensures if the software is 100% bug free
- Easy to learn for new testers
It is cost effective, low maintenance cost
Drawbacks of Manual Testing include the following:Test cases cannot be used again. Need to develop separate test
cases for each new software.It does not provide testing on all aspects of testing.
It requires a large number of human resources.
It is very time-consuming.
Tester develops test cases based on their skills and
experience. There is no evidence that they have covered all
functions or not.Manual testing has lower learning curve than automated testing
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