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MIPS architecture: simple, clean, and quietly everywhere (once)

MIPS is one of those architectures everyone learns about, assumes is dead, and then accidentally uses without realizing it.

It never dominated desktops.
It never won mobile.
But it quietly powered huge parts of the internet.

MIPS is a classic RISC instruction set that focused on simplicity, predictability, and clean design long before those became buzzwords again.

What MIPS actually is

MIPS is a RISC instruction set architecture.

Its core ideas:
• simple, fixed-length instructions
• load/store design
• large register file
• compiler-friendly execution

It was designed so well that it became the teaching ISA for computer architecture courses for decades.

If you learned pipelining, hazards, or instruction scheduling in college, you probably learned it using MIPS.

Where MIPS was heavily used

MIPS never targeted consumer desktops seriously. Instead, it dominated embedded and infrastructure systems.

Common real-world uses:
• routers and switches
• network appliances
• Wi-Fi access points
• set-top boxes
• digital TVs
• storage controllers
• printers and industrial devices

Companies used MIPS because:
• the architecture was clean
• implementations were cheap
• performance per watt was good
• long-term stability mattered

For many years, a large number of home and office routers ran Linux on MIPS chips.

You used MIPS without knowing it.

Was MIPS used in computers or laptops?

Yes but not mainstream.

MIPS appeared in:
• university workstations
• research systems
• experimental consumer devices

There were early Chromebooks built using MIPS processors.

These never became popular products, but they did exist.

Chromebooks later moved fully to ARM and x86.

Does MIPS still exist today?

Yes, but mostly in old or long-life systems.

Today, MIPS is found in:
• older networking equipment
• legacy embedded devices
• systems that are expensive to replace

New products usually choose ARM or RISC-V instead.

MIPS is slowly fading, not suddenly dead.

Operating system support for MIPS

Linux

Linux has very strong historical support for MIPS.

Linux on MIPS was used in:
• routers
• embedded boards
• networking devices

Today:
• Linux still supports MIPS
• but fewer developers work on it
• updates are slower than ARM or RISC-V

Linux works, but MIPS is no longer a main focus.

BSD systems

NetBSD supports MIPS very well.

NetBSD is famous for running on many architectures, and MIPS was one of its strong ones.

OpenBSD also supported MIPS, mostly for embedded systems.

These are still possible, but niche.

Desktop operating systems

Modern desktop operating systems do not support MIPS.

No support from:
• Windows
• macOS
• mainstream desktop Linux distros

MIPS was never aimed at normal desktop users.

Did Android support MIPS?

Yes. You are right.

Android did support MIPS in the past.

Important points:
• Android once supported ARM, x86, and MIPS
MIPS Android devices existed, but very few
• App support was poor
Google dropped MIPS support after Android 5.x

Today:
• Android supports ARM
• x86 exists mostly for emulators
• MIPS is no longer supported

Why MIPS lost to ARM and RISC-V

Several things happened at once.
• ARM improved fast and took over phones
• Embedded companies standardized on ARM
• MIPS licensing became confusing
• Developers moved away
• Tooling stopped improving

Then RISC-V appeared.

RISC-V offered:
• the same clean RISC idea
no license fees
• modern ecosystem growth

That made MIPS less attractive for new designs.

Who should use MIPS today?

Realistically, only a few cases.

MIPS makes sense if:
• you maintain old routers or devices
• you work with legacy firmware
• replacing hardware is too risky
• you study computer architecture

MIPS does not make sense for:
• new products
• phones
• desktops
• long-term projects

ARM or RISC-V are better choices today.

MIPS today in one sentence

MIPS is no longer the future, but it is still part of the present.

Why MIPS still matters

MIPS taught the industry:
• how clean RISC design works
• how pipelines should be built
• how compilers and CPUs cooperate

ARM and RISC-V learned a lot from MIPS.

Even if the architecture fades, the ideas live on.

Final thoughts

MIPS didn’t fail loudly.

It just quietly stepped aside.

If you understand MIPS, you understand:
• modern CPUs
• why RISC works
• why simplicity matters

And that knowledge is still valuable today.

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