1️⃣ Definitions
| Term | Meaning | Your Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| RTO (Recovery Time Objective) | Maximum acceptable downtime after a failure before the system must be restored. | 10 minutes → system must be back up within 10 min. |
| RPO (Recovery Point Objective) | Maximum acceptable data loss measured in time. | 5 minutes → you can afford to lose up to 5 min of data. |
✅ So: In a disaster, the system must recover fast (≤10 min) and you must not lose more than 5 minutes of data.
2️⃣ Implications for AWS Architecture
To meet RTO = 10 min and RPO = 5 min, your solution must include:
a) High Availability + Multi-AZ / Multi-Region
- Use multi-AZ deployments for critical services (EC2, RDS, etc.).
- For disaster recovery, consider cross-region replication.
b) Data Replication / Backup Strategy
- Synchronous replication → no data loss, but may impact latency.
- Asynchronous replication → slight risk of data loss; tune frequency to meet RPO 5 min.
c) Automation for Fast Recovery
- Infrastructure as code (CloudFormation/Terraform) → spin up resources quickly.
- Load balancers / Route 53 failover → reroute traffic in case of region failure.
- Pre-warmed standby environment if needed to meet 10-minute RTO.
3️⃣ AWS Services That Help
| Requirement | AWS Feature / Service |
|---|---|
| RTO 10 min | Multi-AZ, Route 53 failover, ECS/EKS auto-restart, CloudFormation templates |
| RPO 5 min | RDS Multi-AZ or Aurora with cross-region replicas, DynamoDB global tables, S3 replication with versioning |
🔹 Quick Example
Scenario: MySQL RDS database
- RPO 5 min → use cross-region read replica with replication lag ≤5 min.
- RTO 10 min → promote read replica to master automatically; route traffic with Route 53 health checks.
✅ Key Takeaways
- RTO = 10 min → how fast you can restore service.
- RPO = 5 min → how much data you can afford to lose.
- Architecture must combine replication + automation + failover to meet these goals.
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