Python VS Javascript

1. REPL (Read Eval Print Loop)

• Python:

You’ll get it with the installation of python and call different python versions depending on the installation.

• JavaScript:

Javascript doesn’t have inbuilt REPL as most of the time developers run in a browser, but you can use REPL by installing node.js.

2. Mutability

• Python:

Python has mutable and immutable data types like set (mutable) and list (immutable).

• JavaScript:

Javascript has no concept of mutable and immutable.

3. Strings

• Python:

In python source code is ASCII by default unless you specify any encoding format.

• JavaScript:

Javascript should be encoded as UTF-16 and no built-in support for manipulating raw bytes.

4. Numbers

• Python:

In python, you’ve different numeric types like integer (int), float, fixed-point decimal, etc.

• JavaScript:

Javascript has only floating point numbers only.

5. Hash tables

• Python:

Python has built-in hash tables, called dictionaries, sets, etc, which can be used in hashing with keys and values.

• JavaScript:

Javascript has no built-in hash table support.

6. Inheritance

Python:
Python uses class-based inheritance model.

The example above shows you a class definition and init function is a constructor.

JavaScript:
Javascript uses prototype based inheritance model.

7. Code Blocks

• Python:
Python uses indentation.
• JavaScript:
Javascript uses curly brackets.

8. Function Arguments

• Python:
Python will raise an exception if a function is called with incorrect parameters and accepts some additional parameter passing syntax.
• JavaScript:
Javascript doesn’t care whether functions called with exact parameters are not as by default any missing parameter gets a value as “undefined” and any extra arguments end as special arguments.

9. Data types

• Python:
Python has two similar data types list and tuple. Python list and javascript array are quite similar.
• JavaScript:
Javascript has inbuilt array type.

10. Properties and Attributes

• Python:
Python allows to define an attribute using descriptor protocol where you can use a getter, setter functions.
• JavaScript
Javascript objects have properties which can be composed of underlying attributes and it let’s you define a property.

11. Modules

• Python:
Python calls itself as a batteries included language as it comes with a wide range of modules.
• JavaScript:
Javascript comes with very few modules like date, math, regexp, JSON and it has the functionality available through host environment like a web browser or other environment.

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Comments

[Aidas Bendoraitis]

Great overview.

I was a little surprised that integers are not part of JavaScript, but then I checked that typeof 7 returns "number". The same as any other type of number.

[guico33]

Python has mutable and immutable data types like set (mutable) and list (immutable).
Both set and list are mutable in Python afaik. Tuples aren't.

Javascript has no concept of mutable and immutable.
That is not quite true. Conceptually, immutability exists in js as it does in most languages I believe.
Some methods are mutative while others aren't (push vs concat for instance).
You can also use Object.freeze to prevent an object from being mutated.

Javascript has no built-in hash table support.
JavaScript has objects which can pretty much be used the same way as maps, but it also has the Map and Set built-in.

[Yogeswaran]

Thank you for your comment and correcting me!

[Paul Cook]

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