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Charan Koppuravuri
Charan Koppuravuri

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A Guide to building Advanced MCPs🏗️

If you followed my last post on MCP basics, you’ve built a simple server. But as we enter 2026, the beginning phase of MCP is over. Production-grade agents don't just need access; they need context-aware, governed tools.

The biggest mistake developers make right now is confusing Connectivity with Control. Here is how to bridge that gap.

1. The "Orchestration" Pivot: Outcomes over Operations 🎯

Don't just map your REST API 1:1 to MCP.

  • The Trap: Exposing delete_user and update_record as raw tools.

  • The Advanced Move: Build "Composite Tools" focused on intent. Instead of giving the agent a "hammer" and a "saw", give it a tool called archive_inactive_customer. Do the validation and orchestration in your server code, not in the LLM’s reasoning loop.

2. State Machines & Determinism ⛓️⚖️

Advanced MCPs shouldn't be stateless. For complex tasks like migrations, your tools should be backed by a State Machine. By using a framework like LangGraph or a simple status column in your DB, your tool can return a job_id and tell the agent: "I've started the migration. Check back in 30 seconds." This prevents the agent from "guessing" if a task is done.

3. The Security Blind Spot: Capability vs. Policy 🛡️🔐

This is where 90% of tutorials fail. MCP handles transport (the connection) and discovery (what the tool can do). It does not handle Policy (should this specific call be allowed right now?).

As a commenter recently pointed out, your read_note tool is safe, but delete_note is a liability. MCP servers expose powerful capabilities with zero restrictions by default.

The Production Grade Architecture: You need a Deterministic Policy Layer between the Client and the Server.

  • The "Could" (MCP Server): I could delete this record.

  • The "Should" (Policy Gateway): This user is an 'Editor', not an 'Admin'. The request came at 3 AM from an unusual IP. Block the call.

In production, you define rules like "Read is fine, Delete requires 2FA or Human-in-the-loop approval" without changing your server code.

4. Advanced Sampling: The Collaborative Loop 🎙️🔄

One of the most powerful features of the MCP spec is Sampling. Usually, the Agent calls the Server. With Sampling, the Server can call back to the Agent.

Example:

  1. Agent calls deploy_code.

  2. Server finds a merge conflict in auth.py.

  3. Server uses Sampling to ask the Agent: "I found a conflict. Based on the current PR, should I overwrite or abort?"

  4. Agent reasons, provides the answer, and the Server continues execution.

5. The Feb 2026 "Expert Tier" Checklist 🏛️🧠

Features:

  • Logic:
    Basic: Simple API wrappers
    Advanced: State Machines with Job IDs

  • Orchestration:
    Basic: Model chains tool calls
    Advanced: Composite Tools (Server-side logic)

  • Security:
    Basic: Transport-level (HTTPS)
    Advanced: Policy Enforcement (Should vs. Could)

  • Interaction:
    Basic: Request/Response
    Advanced: Sampling (Server-to-Agent callbacks)

The Verdict: Reliability is the New Intelligence ⚖️

Your MCP server is the agent's "Hands", but the Policy Layer is its "Conscience". In 2026, we don't just ask if an AI can do something; we build the deterministic gates that ensure it only does what it’s supposed to do. 🤖🏛️

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