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prabhat kumar
prabhat kumar

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🤖 Agents: From LLMs to Systems That _Act_

Most people think of LLMs as “smart chatbots.

Agents are different.

Agents combine language models + tools + control flow to create systems that can:

  • Reason about a task

  • Decide which tool to use

  • Act on the world

  • Observe results

  • Iterate until a goal is reached

This is what makes AI agentic, not just conversational.


🧠 Mental Model

Input → Model → (Tool?) → Model → Output

Under the hood, it’s a loop:

Reason → Act → Observe → Reason → … → Finish

An agent runs until a stop condition is met:

  • Final answer emitted, or

  • Iteration limit reached


🏗️ createAgent() in LangChain

createAgent() provides a production-ready agent runtime built on LangGraph:

  • Graph-based execution (not ad-hoc)

  • Each step is a node (model, tool, middleware)

  • Explicit, debuggable transitions

  • Safety via recursion limits and state tracking

This isn’t a demo abstraction — it’s infrastructure.


🔧 Core Building Blocks of an Agent

1️⃣ Model (Reasoning Engine)

Decides what to do next

  • Static or dynamically selected at runtime

2️⃣ Tools (Actions)

Enable agents to fetch data, call APIs, execute logic, and chain actions

  • Sequential, retried, or dynamic calls

3️⃣ System Prompt (Policy Layer)

Defines role, constraints, stopping behavior, and safety rules

Most production agent bugs are prevented here

4️⃣ State & Memory

  • Message history

  • Optional structured state

Enables multi-step workflows and long-running sessions

5️⃣ Middleware (Control Plane)

  • Guardrails, routing, error handling

  • Logging, observability, and control

This is how agents become enterprise-ready.


🔁 ReAct Isn’t a Buzzword — It’s a Pattern

Agents follow ReAct:

  • Reason → decide

  • Act → call tool

  • Observe → read result

  • Repeat until done

This enables adaptation, recovery, and non-trivial task solving.


🚨 A Hard-Earned Lesson

If an agent can call tools, it should not handle user-facing “talking”.

In production, separate:

  • Execution agents (reasoning + tools)

  • Presentation layers (formatting, tone, UX)

This avoids loops, parsing failures, and fragile behavior.


🧩 Why This Matters

Agents move us from:

  • “AI answers questions.”

  • to “AI completes wor.k”

From copilots → autonomous workflows

Frameworks like LangChain + LangGraph help build them safely.

If you’re building AI backends, developer tools, workflow automation, or autonomous systems, you’re already building agents.

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