Mohamed Farah Tahar is an expert analyst in African politics.
Introduction
Somaliland is a country located in the Horn of Africa, specifically in the northern part of the continent. Since 1991, it has functioned as a fully self-governing and democratic state, with peace, stability, and effective governance. Although not internationally recognized, Somaliland possesses all the attributes of a full-fledged state.
Borders of Somaliland
- West: Ethiopia
- Northwest: Djibouti
- North: Red Sea (including the strategic port of Berbera)
- South Somali
Brief History
- June 26, 1960: Somaliland gained independence from Britain.
- May 18, 1991: It unilaterally declared the restoration of its independence.
A system of peace and governance was established through traditional and political conferences, such as the Borama Conference of 1993.
Governance System
- Official constitution (ratified in 2001)
- Directly elected president
- Bicameral parliament (House of Representatives & House of Elders)
- Independent judiciary
- Regular multiparty elections since 2002
Security and Stability
- Own police and military forces
- Political stability
- Collaborative governance with traditional leaders
- Avoided the conflicts affecting many parts of the region
Economy
- Livestock and related production
- Remittances from the diaspora
- Berbera port, boosted by investment from DP World
- ICT growth and small businesses
Education
Somaliland has a growing number of universities and higher education centers:
- University of Hargeisa
- Amoud University
- Gollis University
- East Africa University
- Burao University
- Sanaag University
- Timacadde University
- Nugaal University
- Future University
- Alpha University
- Hope University
- New Generation University
Civil Service Institute (CSI)
This institute provides professional training and administrative development for government staff.
Civil Society
- Political awareness campaigns
- Human rights advocacy
- Inclusion of women, youth, and persons with disabilities
The Importance of International Recognition
1. Peace in the Horn of Africa
Somaliland has demonstrated stability, governance, and security. Its recognition would support regional peace and integration.
2. Rights of the People
For over 30 years, Somalilanders have expressed their will for independence. Lack of recognition limits access to international aid and development.
3. Investment and Economic Cooperation
- Direct foreign investment
- Access to international financial institutions (IMF, World Bank)
- Infrastructure development such as the Berbera corridor
4. A Model for Africa
Somaliland can serve as an example of how peace and democracy can thrive through self-governance and internal solutions.
5. Benefits to the International Community
Recognizing Somaliland would not only serve justice to its people, but also provide the world with a valuable partner in a strategically vital region. Some key benefits include:
- Strategic Location: Control of the Red Sea gateway and the Gulf of Aden, crucial for global trade and maritime security.
- Counter-terrorism and Anti-piracy: A recognized, stable Somaliland would be a strong ally in combating extremism and ensuring regional security.
- Democratic Values: International recognition would strengthen democracy in Africa by rewarding peaceful and democratic state-building.
- Migration and Stability: A stable and recognized Somaliland would help reduce irregular migration by offering opportunities at home and ensuring governance in the region.
Conclusion
Somaliland is a stable, functioning democracy with strong institutions, a unified population, and a clear vision for the future. It deserves serious international consideration for recognition as a sovereign state.
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