How to use Laravel Sanctum for API Authentication

Make REST API AUTHENTICATION in LARAVEL 9 USING LARAVEL SANCTUM

Laravel Sanctum provides a featherweight authentication system for SPAs (single page applications), mobile applications, and simple, token based APIs.

Installation Steps

If you are not using LARAVEL 9 you need to install LARAVEL Sanctum Otherwise you can skip the installation step.

Step 1

Install via composer

composer require laravel/sanctum

Step 2

Publish the Sanctum Service Provider

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Laravel\Sanctum\SanctumServiceProvider"

Step 3

Migrate The Database

php artisan migrate

USING SANCTUM IN LARAVEL

User HasApiTokens Trait in App\Models\User

In Order to use Sanctum we need to use HasApiTokens Trait Class in User Model.
User Model should look like.

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable;

    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array<int, string>
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'email',
        'password',
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.
     *
     * @var array<int, string>
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password',
        'remember_token',
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be cast.
     *
     * @var array<string, string>
     */
    protected $casts = [
        'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
    ];
}

API Authentication Routes

Create AuthController to handle all authentication realted to API

php artisan make:controller Api\\AuthController

In routes\api.php file update the API

Route::post('/auth/register', [AuthController::class, 'createUser']);
Route::post('/auth/login', [AuthController::class, 'loginUser']);

Now update AuthContoller with

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;

use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;

class AuthController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Create User
     * @param Request $request
     * @return User 
     */
    public function createUser(Request $request)
    {
        try {
            //Validated
            $validateUser = Validator::make($request->all(), 
            [
                'name' => 'required',
                'email' => 'required|email|unique:users,email',
                'password' => 'required'
            ]);

            if($validateUser->fails()){
                return response()->json([
                    'status' => false,
                    'message' => 'validation error',
                    'errors' => $validateUser->errors()
                ], 401);
            }

            $user = User::create([
                'name' => $request->name,
                'email' => $request->email,
                'password' => Hash::make($request->password)
            ]);

            return response()->json([
                'status' => true,
                'message' => 'User Created Successfully',
                'token' => $user->createToken("API TOKEN")->plainTextToken
            ], 200);

        } catch (\Throwable $th) {
            return response()->json([
                'status' => false,
                'message' => $th->getMessage()
            ], 500);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Login The User
     * @param Request $request
     * @return User
     */
    public function loginUser(Request $request)
    {
        try {
            $validateUser = Validator::make($request->all(), 
            [
                'email' => 'required|email',
                'password' => 'required'
            ]);

            if($validateUser->fails()){
                return response()->json([
                    'status' => false,
                    'message' => 'validation error',
                    'errors' => $validateUser->errors()
                ], 401);
            }

            if(!Auth::attempt($request->only(['email', 'password']))){
                return response()->json([
                    'status' => false,
                    'message' => 'Email & Password does not match with our record.',
                ], 401);
            }

            $user = User::where('email', $request->email)->first();

            return response()->json([
                'status' => true,
                'message' => 'User Logged In Successfully',
                'token' => $user->createToken("API TOKEN")->plainTextToken
            ], 200);

        } catch (\Throwable $th) {
            return response()->json([
                'status' => false,
                'message' => $th->getMessage()
            ], 500);
        }
    }
}

Protect API With Authentication we need to use auth:sanctum middleware.

Route::apiResource('posts', PostController::class)->middleware('auth:sanctum');

Here are the results.

The complete Tutorial is below in the video.

If you face any issue while making REST API, please comment your query.

Thank You for Reading

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