1)Operators:
- Operators in Java are special symbols that perform operations on variables and values.
- They are used to manipulate data and variables within expressions
Types of Operators in Java:
1.Arithmetic operators
2.Assignment operators
3.Relational operators
4.Logical operators
5.Bitwise operators
6.Ternary operator
7.Shift Operators
1.Arithmetic:
-
used to perform simple arithmetic operations on primitive and non-primitive data types.
- : Multiplication / : Division % : Modulo
- : Addition
- : Subtraction
2.Assignment:
- '=' The assignment operator is used to assign a value to any variable.
- the assignment operator can be combined with others to create shorthand compound statements. Example: example, a += 5 replaces a = a + 5.
1. += , Add and assign.
2. -= , Subtract and assign.
3. *= , Multiply and assign.
4. /= , Divide and assign.
5. %= , Modulo and assign.
3.Relational:
- used to check for relations like equality, greater than, and less than
- They return boolean results
Relational operators compare values and return Boolean results:
1. == , Equal to.
2. != , Not equal to.
3. < , Less than.
4. <= , Less than or equal to.
5. > , Greater than.
6. >= , Greater than or equal to.
4.Logical:
- used to perform "logical AND" and "logical OR" operations.
- second condition is not evaluated if the first is false.
Conditional operators are:
- &&, Logical AND: returns true when both conditions are true.
- ||, Logical OR: returns true if at least one condition is true.
- !, Logical NOT: returns true when a condition is false and vice-versa
5.Bitwise:
- used when performing update and query operations of the Binary indexed trees
- used to perform the manipulation of individual bits of a number and with any of the integer types.
1. & (Bitwise AND): returns bit-by-bit AND of input values.
2. | (Bitwise OR): returns bit-by-bit OR of input values.
3. ^ (Bitwise XOR): returns bit-by-bit XOR of input values.
4. ~ (Bitwise Complement): inverts all bits (one's complement).
6.Ternary:
- It is a shorthand version of the if-else statement
-
s a shorthand version of the if-else statement
**condition ? if true : if false**
7.Shift Operators:
- are used to shift the bits of a number left or right.
- They can be used when we have to multiply or divide a number by two.
1.<< (Left shift): Shifts bits left, filling 0s (multiplies by a power of two).
2.>> (Signed right shift): Shifts bits right, filling 0s (divides by a power of two), with the leftmost bit depending on the sign.
3.>>> (Unsigned right shift): Shifts bits right, filling 0s, with the leftmost bit always 0.
2)Datatypes:
- Data types in Java are of different sizes and values that can be stored in a variable
Java has two categories:
1.Primitive
2.Non primitive
Primitive Data Types in Java:
Non-Primitive Data Types in java:
- contain a memory address of variable values
- Reference types won’t store the variable value directly in memory. They are strings, objects, arrays, etc.
https://gitlab.com/ajayraja1817-group/javabeginers.git
In this I made some example programs for primitive and non primitive
Data types.
3)Initialization
- Initialization is the process of assigning an initial value to a declared variable.
- This is the first time a value is stored in the memory location reserved for the variable.
- Initialization assigns initial values to variables.
Example:
age = 30; // Initializes the 'age' variable with the value 30
name = "Alice"; // Initializes the 'name' variable with the value "Alice"
isActive = true; // Initializes the 'isActive' variable with the value true
Declaration:
- Declaration is the process of defining a variable by specifying its data type and a unique name.
- This informs the Java compiler about the type of data the variable will hold and reserves memory space for it.
- Declaration declares the creation of variables and functions
Example:
int age; // Declares an integer variable named 'age'
String name; // Declares a String variable named 'name'
boolean isActive; // Declares a boolean variable named 'isActive'
4)Instance variable:
- These variables are declared within a class but outside a method
- It always get default value.
- Created when an object is created and destroyed when the object is destroyed.
- Accessed through objects (e.g., obj.variableName).
Local variable:
- These variables are declared within a method but do not get any default value.
- Created when the method is invoked and destroyed once method execution ends.
- Must be initialized before use (Java does not assign default values).
- Accessed directly (no need for object).
https://gitlab.com/ajayraja1817-group/javabeginers.git
In this i done the sample program by seeing sites not chatgpt.
I took some examples from there.
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