GUI in Python
Python libraries to create Graphical Interfaces :
- Tkinter
- Python QT
- wxPython
- Kivy
Tkinter is an inbuilt Python module used to create simple GUI apps.
Tk provides following widgets :
- button
- canvas
- checkbutton
- Combobox
- entry
- frame
- label
- labelframe
- listbox
- menu
- menubutton
- message
- notebook
- tk_optionmenu
- panedwindow
- progressbar
- radiobutton
- scale
- scrollbar
- separator
- sizegrip
- spinbox
- text
- treeview
It provided the following top-level windows :
- tk_chooseColor
- tk_chooseDirectory
- tk_dialog
- tk_getOpenFile
- tk_getSaveFile
- tk_messageBox
- tk_popup
- toplevel
Tk also provides three geometry managers :
- place - It positions widgets at absolute locations
- grid - It arranges widgets in a grid
- pack - It packs widgets into a cavity
Basics of tkinter
- import tkinter module
- create the main window (container)
- Add any number of widgets to the main window
- Enter the main event loop
Eg.
import tkinter
window = Tkinter.Tk() # creates main window
window.title("GUI")
label = tkinter.Label(window , text="Hello World !!").pack()
window.mainloop()
mainloop() is used when our application is ready to run. mainloop() is an infinite loop used to run the application, wait for an event to occur and process the event till the window is not closed.
Widgets
Button
It is used to add a button in our application.
window = Button(master, option=value)
master represents the parent window.
activebackground : sets the background color when button is under the cursor.
activeforeground : sets the foreground color when button is under the cursor.
bg : sets normal background color
fg : sets the foreground color
command : to call a function
font : sets the font of button label
image : sets the image on the button
width : sets the width of the button
height : sets the height of the button
justify : LEFT , RIGHT , CENTER
import tkinter as tk
window = tk.Tk()
window.title("Python")
button = tk.Button(window , text = 'GUI',width = 25,command = window.destroy)
button.pack()
window.mainloop()
Output is :
Label
It is used to display text or image.
window = Label(master,option=value)
bg : sets the normal background color
command : to call a function
font : sets the font of Label text
image : sets the image on the Label
width : sets the width of the Label
height : sets the height of the Label
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
l1 = Label(root,text="GUI Python",bg="pink",width = 25)
l1.pack()
root.mainloop()
Output is :
Entry
(Text Field)
It is used to input single line of text.
window = Entry(master,option=value)
bg : sets the background color
fg : sets the foreground color
font : sets the font for widget
justify : LEFT , RIGHT , CENTER
command : to call a function
width : sets the width of widget
height : sets the height of widget
show : Normally, the characters that the user types appear in the entry. To make a .password. entry that echoes each character as (show = "*")
Methods of Entry
delete(start,end) : delete a character or range of characters
get() : returns the text of widget
insert(index,string) : inserts text at the specified index
select_range(start,end) : selects specified range.
select_present() : returns True if there is a selection,false otherwise
from tkinter import *
master = Tk()
l1=Label(master,text='first Name')
l1.grid(row=0)
l2=Label(master,text='Last Name')
l2.grid(row=1)
e1=Entry(master)
e2=Entry(master)
e1.grid(row=0,column=1)
e2.grid(row=1,column=1)
mainloop()
Output is :
Text
It is used to edit multi line text and formate the way it has to be displayed.
t = Text(master,option = value)
highlightcolor : set the color of focus highlight
insertbackground : set the background of the widget
bg : sets the normal background color
fg : sets the foreground color
bd : sets width of the border around the widget. (Default is 2 pixels)
font : sets the font
image : sets the image
width : sets the width (in pixels)
height : sets the height (in lines)
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
t = Text(root , height = 4,width=40)
t.pack()
t.insert(END,'ANJALI KUMAWAT \nCOMPUTER SCIENCE UNDERGRAD \nGWOC"21" CONTRIBUTOR')
mainloop()
Output is :
Methods of Text
delete(start,end) - deletes a specific character or a range of text
get(start,end) - returns a specific character or a range of text
insert(index,string) - inserts text at the specified index
CheckButton
It is used to display a number of options to a user as toggle buttons.
window = CheckButton(master , option = value)
bg : sets background color
fg : sets foreground color
command : to call a function
font : sets the font
image : sets the image
cffvalue : A checkbutton's associated control variable will be set to 0 when it is cleared(off).We can supply an alternate value for the off state.
onvalue : A checkbutton's associated control variable will be set to 1 when it is set(on).We can supply an alternate value for the on state.
state : Default is state=NORMAL but we can use state=DISANLED to grey out the control and make is unresponsive.
variable : This is control variable associated with checkbutton that tracks the current state of widget.Normally this variable is an IntVar and 0 means cleared and 1 means set.
Width : sets the width of widget.
Methods of checkbutton
Deselect() - clears the checkbutton
Select() - selects the checkbutton
Toggle() - reverses the state(on/off)
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
var1 = IntVar()
var2 = IntVar()
c1 = Checkbutton(root,text = "like Mango ? ",variable = var1,onvalue = 1,offvalue = 0,width = 40)
c2 = Checkbutton(root,text = "like Orange ? ",variable = var2,onvalue = 1,offvalue = 0,width = 40)
c1.pack()
c2.pack()
root.mainloop()
Output is :
RadioButton
It is used to offer multiple choice option to the used and user can select one option.
window = RadioButton(master,option=value)
bg : sets the background color
fg : sets foreground color
command : to call a function
font : sets the font
image : sets the image
width : sets the width
variable : variable associated with the Radiobuttons.
value : when a radiobutton is selected by user,its control variable is set to its associated value. If the control variable is an IntVar , give each radiobutton in the group a different integer value option. If the control variable is a StringVar,give each radiobutton a different string value option.
Methods of Radiobutton
select() - selects Radiobutton
deselect() - deselects Radiobutton
from tkinter import *
def select():
if choice.get()==1:
order = "Large Pizza"
elif choice.get()==2:
order = "Medium Pizza"
else:
order = "Small Pizza"
selection = "You have ordered "+order
label.config(text=selection)
root = Tk()
root.title("Pizza Corner")
choice = IntVar()
rbLarge = Radiobutton(root, text = "Large Pizza",font=20,variable=choice,value=1,command=select)
rbMedium = Radiobutton(root, text = "Medium Pizza",font=20,variable=choice,value=2,command=select)
rbSmall = Radiobutton(root, text = "Small Pizza",font=20,variable=choice,value=3,command=select)
rbLarge.pack(anchor=W)
rbMedium.pack(anchor=W)
rbSmall.pack(anchor=W)
label = Label(root,text="Choose pizza that you want!!",font=35)
label.pack()
mainloop()
Output is :
When we are not clicking on any RadioButton -
If we are clicking on any RadioButton then -
SpinBox
It is used to select a value from fixed number of values.
window = Spinbox(root,option=value)
bg : sets the background color
fg : sets foreground color
font : sets the font
justify : LEFT,RIGHT,CENTER
width : sets the width for widget
from_ : sets the minimum value
to : sets the maximum value
Methods for Spinbox
get() - returns the value
from tkinter import *
def select():
string = "Selection is "+str(sp.get())
l.config(text=string)
root = Tk()
sp = Spinbox(root,from_=0,to=10,command=select,width = 15,font=30)
sp.pack()
l=Label(root,text=" ")
l.pack()
mainloop()
Output is :
Keep Learning......
Keep Coding......👩💻❤️🙌
Latest comments (15)
Amazing one✨ keep it up!
Thank you Raghav🌝
Super Explanation I like it
ThankYou🙌
That's great 👌👌
Thanks
Great introduction :)
I considered tkinter for my project as well but I went with Qt.
As a noob in ui/ux its very easy to use the QtDesigner but to be honest it has some flaws for python programming because it is mainly used for the C++ editor.
But tkinter is definitely interesting, is it possible to load different style sheets too?
Yes in tkinter we can create different styles sheets.😀
I like QT too.
It's the best out there i guess.
I think python is more of a processing language than UI.
I think i will go back using c++ for a while. I miss the days.
Very well researched. Great job🤩
Thank you❤
This is my first time reading about GUI in python, I like the explaination and now I'm curious to learn more... thanks for sharing anjaliii
Thanks a lot archii🌝🙌
Very well explained 🤩🤩👏👏
Thankyou ✨