As developers we often assume learning means “look it up → copy → done”. But real learning is deeper and science shows how we learn best. Here are 10 evidence-based lessons tailored for developers.
1. Human Memory Is Not Made Of Bits
Unlike a computer’s memory, our brains don’t simply store and retrieve fixed chunks. When we recall something, memory can change (“reconsolidation”). Also, memories are connected in networks (“spreading activation”) so recall isn’t isolated.
2. Human Memory Is Composed Of One Limited And One Unlimited System
We have working memory (small capacity) and long-term memory (effectively huge). Experts free up working memory by “chunking” knowledge (e.g., recognizing patterns).
3. Experts Recognise, Beginners Reason
Beginners often step through code line-by-line. Experts recognise patterns and jump straight to solutions.
4. Understanding A Concept Goes From Abstract To Concrete And Back
Learning works best when you start with the concept, dive into concrete examples (good & bad), then return to the abstract view.
5. Spaceing And Repetition Matter
Last-minute studying feels productive, but it doesn’t work. Spaced practice plus revisiting topics over time beats marathon sessions.
6. The Internet Has Not Made Learning Obsolete
Just because you “can Google it” doesn’t mean you’ve learned it. Searching is not the same as understanding.
7. Problem-Solving Is Not A Generic Skill
Doing puzzles or “brain teasers” doesn’t necessarily make you better at programming. The domain matters.
8. Expertise Can Be Problematic In Some Situations
What makes you an expert also can blind you (you assume patterns that newcomers don’t see). Teaching beginners or learning new domains can suffer from expert assumptions.
9. The Predictors Of Programming Ability Are Unclear
There’s no reliable shortcut (years of experience, IQ, etc.) that guarantees programming ability. Good practitioners come from diverse paths.
10. Your Mindset Matters
Believing you can improve (growth mindset) helps. But mindset alone isn’t enough, you still need practice, feedback, reflection.
As developers, our learning toolkit should include code reading, active practice, spaced revisits, abstract/concrete toggling, and a realistic view of memory & expertise. The Internet and AI are tools, not shortcuts to understanding. Use them, but don’t rely on them.
The full breakdown, including all lessons and examples, is available here:
How Developers Really Learn: 10 Lessons Backed by Science
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