Today we'll be making something slightly different. A full CSS powered dropdown menu!
No JavaScript required!
We will make use of a button, with a focus state we'll check if we need to show this menu.
The end result will look like this:
For this specific tutorial, I'm using Tailwind CSS to just focus more on the actual effect.
You can find my Tailwind article here.
HTML Structure
The HTML will be a navbar container, a logo and a user icon on the right.
Tailwind does the styling, and mainly focussed on using flex to align the items.
As you can see we have a button with the ID user-menu next to it we have a div with the ID user-menu-dropdown this will be the dropdown we'll show once we focus the button.
<nav class="flex items-center justify-between h-full p-3 m-auto bg-orange-200">
<span>My Logo</span>
<div class="relative">
<button id="user-menu" aria-label="User menu" aria-haspopup="true">
<img class="w-8 h-8 rounded-full" src="https://scontent.fcpt4-1.fna.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-1/p480x480/82455849_2533242576932502_5629407411459588096_o.jpg?_nc_cat=100&ccb=2&_nc_sid=7206a8&_nc_ohc=rGM_UBdnnA8AX_pGIdM&_nc_ht=scontent.fcpt4-1.fna&tp=6&oh=7de8686cebfc29e104c118fc3f78c7e5&oe=5FD1C3FE" />
</button>
<div id="user-menu-dropdown" class="absolute right-0 w-48 mt-2 origin-top-right rounded-lg shadow-lg top-10 menu-hidden">
<div class="p-4 bg-white rounded-md shadow-xs" role="menu" aria-orientation="vertical" aria-labelledby="user-menu">
<a href="#" class="block px-6 py-2 mb-2 font-bold rounded" role="menuitem">My profile</a>
<a href="#" class="block px-6 py-2 font-bold rounded" role="menuitem">Logout</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
CSS menu on focus
To add the effect, we need to target the focus on the button.
But first, let's hide our dropdown and add a small effect.
Note: We could use @apply, but codepen doesn't support this
#user-menu ~ #user-menu-dropdown {
transform: scaleX(0) scaleY(0);
transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1);
transition-duration: 75ms;
opacity: 0;
top: 3.25rem;
}
For the dropdown we add a transform to make it animate from the corner, then we add an opacity of 0 to hide it.
Now we need to target the hover.
We make use of the #user-menu:focus and then target the next (~) dropdown.
We also add a focus-within in case someone clicks a link in the dropdown, the menu will stay active then.
#user-menu ~ #user-menu-dropdown:focus-within,
#user-menu:focus ~ #user-menu-dropdown {
transform: scaleX(1) scaleY(1);
transition-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);
transition-duration: 100ms;
opacity: 1;
}
You can see the full example on this Codepen.
Thank you for reading, and let's connect!
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Top comments (13)
Given that this is a CSS-only solution, I was really anticipating accessibility to be totally non-existent. Truly grateful, Chris, to see that is NOT the case and you've thoughtfully included ARIA attributes in your example. ๐๐ป๐๐ป๐๐ป๐๐ป
Thank you, Angelique, I try to do so, but it's hard.
Not 100% sure on how it would work when you tab, so it opens and how you would get it away again.
On mobile clicking on the avatar again does not close the drop-down.
Because it's open on avatar focus, so if you tap outside it must be closed
Yeah with focus that doesn't work, you have to click anywhere BUT the avatar to close it.
It doesn't seem to work on ios chrome?
You are right Sam!
For ios we would need to add something like this to the button:
But then we are using JS again, and it won't re-close the menu with this.
well that's a bummer--there's no shim or any other option?
Hey Sam, unfurtionally not that I know off, someone else might know, I'll do some more research on how to fix this for iOS stable.
Amazing post for beginners and everyone. Usually, when doing this i made mistakes but all is clear now. Amazing๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฅ
Oh very nice to hear Rahul, glad it's clear
Nice tip!
Thank you Raul! โ๏ธ