DEV Community

Cover image for Image Slider with JavaScript
Jatin Sharma
Jatin Sharma

Posted on • Updated on

Image Slider with JavaScript

#javascript #css #webdev #tutorial

In this article, we are going to make an Image Slider also known as carousel with a clean UI. It can slide the images with awesome animation and it will track the current image which you can see via dots on the bottom. First, Let's see what are we building.

Preview

preview

HTML 

<div class="container-slider">

  <!-- Slider Container with images...  -->
  <div class="slides"></div>

  <!--  Previous Button  -->
  <button class="btn-slide prev">
    <img src="https://imgur.com/SUyRJqI.png" alt="prevBtn" />
  </button>

  <!--  Next Button  -->
  <button class="btn-slide next">
    <img src=" https://imgur.com/M6rDsRR.png" alt="nextBtn" />
  </button>

  <!--  Container for dots  -->
  <div class="container-dots"></div>
</div>
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

We will have an outer div with class .container-slider. It will have four separate children.

  • .slides: It will contain images, but we have not added them in the HTML, we will add them using JS.
  • .btn-slide: In the parent container (.container-slider) there will be two buttons, one for the next image (.next) and the other for the previous image (.prev)
  • .container-dots: It is the container for .dot which we have not added yet. It will also be done by JS same as the images.

I guess now you have an overview of what are we doing. Now let's get into the CSS.

CSS 

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  background: azure;
  min-height: 100vh;
  padding: 0 25px;
}

/* Main Wrapper Container */
.container-slider {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 700px;
  width: 100%;
  height: 400px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  box-shadow: 0 0 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
  overflow: hidden;
}

/* Slider Container which contains images */
.slides {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

/* Default Image Properties */
.slides img {
  position: absolute;
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(0);
  transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out;
  transition-delay: 500ms;
}

/* Active Image or Current image to display */
.slides > img[data-active] {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scale(1);
  transition-delay: 0ms;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  z-index: 10;
}

/* Image Slider Next And Previous Buttons */
.btn-slide {
  position: absolute;
  background: #f1f1f1;
  width: 40px;
  height: 40px;
  padding: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  opacity: 0;
  border: 1px solid rgba(34, 34, 34, 0.287);
  transition: opacity 300ms ease-in-out;
  cursor: pointer;
  overflow: hidden;
  z-index: 10;
}

.btn-slide > img {
  width: 100%;
}

/* Show Buttons when user hover on the slider Container */
.container-slider:hover > .btn-slide {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Previous and Next Button Position Absolute */
.prev,
.next {
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-60%);
}

.prev {
  left: 20px;
}
.next {
  right: 20px;
}

/* Bottom Dots Container  */
.container-dots {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 20px;
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  z-index: 10;
}

/* Sigle Dot style */
.dot {
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 3px solid #f1f1f1;
  margin: 0 5px;
  background: #f1f1f1;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 500ms ease-in-out;
}

/* Change the color of bg when user hover on it. */
.dot:hover {
  opacity: 0.9;
  background: rgb(32, 32, 32);
}

/* Current or active dot */
.dot[data-active="true"] {
  background: rgb(32, 32, 32);
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Everything in the CSS is self-explanatory so I am not going to talk about that. If you have any queries about CSS then comment down.

Javascript

This is where the fun begins. Let's see, from scratch.First, we need to import the two containers which will be . Slides and the . Container-dots.

const slides = document.querySelector(".slides");
const containerDots = document.querySelector(".container-dots");
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Now we need images to add to the .slides container. And we also need a global counter or global index to track which image is displaying right now.

// Global Index to track Image
var slideIndex = 1;

// Images container
const images = [
  { src: "https://rb.gy/ohx0bd" },
  { src: "https://rb.gy/gggxy8" },
  { src: "https://rb.gy/z2a0fy" },
  { src: "https://rb.gy/nsefjh" },
  { src: "https://rb.gy/dssu2a" }
];
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Now we have images, now let's add them to the .slides and also we need to add .dot to the .container-dots. Total images and total dots should be the same e.g. there are five images, then there should be five dots. So let's see how we are going to do that.

// Adding images and dots to the Respective Container
images.map((img) => {
  // Creating Image Element and adding src of that image
  var imgTag = document.createElement("img");
  imgTag.src = img.src;

  // Creating Dot (div) Element adding 'dot' class to it
  var dot = document.createElement("div");
  dot.classList.add("dot");

  //  Appending the image and dots to respective container
  slides.appendChild(imgTag);
  containerDots.appendChild(dot);
});
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

It will do the trick ad it will add them to their respective container. Now we need buttons to add to the slider. Let's do it also. We need two buttons .prev and .next we have already added those into the HTML now we just need to make them work.

Next Slide Button

// Slide Next Button Click Event
const nextSlide = () => {
    // it will update the slideIndex on the basis of the images.length as it gets greater than images.length, this will initialize to the 1
  if (slideIndex !== images.length) {
    ++slideIndex;
  } else if (slideIndex === images.length) {
    slideIndex = 1;
  }
};

const nextBtn = document.querySelector(".next");
nextBtn.onclick = nextSlide;
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Previous Slide Button

// Slide Previous Button Click Event
const prevSlide = () => {
    // It will check if the slideIndex is less equal to 1 then change it to the images.legnth, it will enable infinite scrolling
  if (slideIndex !== 1) {
    --slideIndex;
  } else if (slideIndex === 1) {
    slideIndex = images.length;
  }
};

const prevBtn = document.querySelector(".prev");
prevBtn.onclick = prevSlide;
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Now these buttons will allow you to scroll infinite according to the slideIndex

But after implementing it you will see the image is not displaying it is because we are not updating the image according to the slideIndex right now, let's implement that.

// Update Image And Slide Dot according to the [data-active]
function updateImageAndDot() {
  /* ...........Updating Image.............. */
  const activeSlide = slides.querySelector("[data-active]");
  slides.children[slideIndex - 1].dataset.active = true;
  activeSlide && delete activeSlide.dataset.active;

  /* ...........Updating Dots.............. */
  const activeDot = containerDots.querySelector("[data-active]");
  containerDots.children[slideIndex - 1].dataset.active = true;
  activeDot && delete activeDot.dataset.active;
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Here we are getting the activeSlide and activeDot. Which will have a [data-active] attribute, then we are setting the .slides and .container-dots children to active (data-active="true)" based on the slideIndex then if there is an activeSlide which we have queried earlier then delete it (which was the previously active slide and dot). After this, we will only have one slide and dot which is currently active.

Now we need to call this function inside the nextSlide and prevSlide function in the end.

const nextSlide = () => {
  /* .... */
  updateImageAndDot();
};

const prevSlide = () => {
  /* .... */
  updateImageAndDot();
};
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

We also need to call the updateImageAndDot in the global scope. This will allow it to show the image and dot as the page loads.

// Show the Image as the page loads;
updateImageAndDot();
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Now we are going to implement one more feature which is when the user press the dots it should take the user to the respective images.

preview-2

It's not that hard we just need to make a function in our case called moveDot and just add the Event Listener to every dot. Let's see it in action.

// It helps to move the dot, it take "index" as parameter and update the slideIndex
function moveDot(index) {
  slideIndex = index;
  updateImageAndDot();  // to update the image and dot
}

// Adding EventListener to All dots so that when user click on it trigger move dots;
const dots = containerDots.querySelectorAll("*").forEach((dot, index) => {
  dot.addEventListener("click", () => {
    moveDot(index + 1);
  });
});
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Now we have covered all the aspects of this now let's see the full Javascript file or code.

const slides = document.querySelector(".slides");
const containerDots = document.querySelector(".container-dots");

var slideIndex = 1;

// Images container
const images = [
  { src: "https://rb.gy/ohx0bd" },
  { src: "https://rb.gy/gggxy8" },
  { src: "https://rb.gy/z2a0fy" },
  { src: "https://rb.gy/nsefjh" },
  { src: "https://rb.gy/dssu2a" }
];

// Adding images and dots to the Respective Container
images.map((img) => {
  // Creating Image Element and adding src of that image
  var imgTag = document.createElement("img");
  imgTag.src = img.src;

  // Creating Dot (div) Element adding 'dot' class to it
  var dot = document.createElement("div");
  dot.classList.add("dot");

  //  Appending the image and dots to respective container
  slides.appendChild(imgTag);
  containerDots.appendChild(dot);
});

// Adding EventListener to All dots so that when user click on it trigger move dots;
const dots = containerDots.querySelectorAll("*").forEach((dot, index) => {
  dot.addEventListener("click", () => {
    moveDot(index + 1);
  });
});

// It helps to move the dot, it take "index" as parameter and update the slideIndex
function moveDot(index) {
  slideIndex = index;
  updateImageAndDot();
}

// Update Image And Slide Dot according to the [data-active]
function updateImageAndDot() {
  /* ...........Updating Image.............. */
  const activeSlide = slides.querySelector("[data-active]");
  slides.children[slideIndex - 1].dataset.active = true;
  activeSlide && delete activeSlide.dataset.active;

  /* ...........Updating Dots.............. */
  const activeDot = containerDots.querySelector("[data-active]");
  containerDots.children[slideIndex - 1].dataset.active = true;
  activeDot && delete activeDot.dataset.active;
}

// Slide Next Button Click Event
const nextSlide = () => {
  // it will update the slideIndex on the basis of the images.length as it gets greater than images.length, this will initialize to the 1
  if (slideIndex !== images.length) {
    ++slideIndex;
  } else if (slideIndex === images.length) {
    slideIndex = 1;
  }
  updateImageAndDot();
};

const nextBtn = document.querySelector(".next");
nextBtn.onclick = nextSlide;

// Slide Previous Button Click Event
const prevSlide = () => {
  // It will check if the slideIndex is less equal to 1 then change it to the images.legnth, it will enable infinite scrolling
  if (slideIndex !== 1) {
    --slideIndex;
  } else if (slideIndex === 1) {
    slideIndex = images.length;
  }
  updateImageAndDot();
};

const prevBtn = document.querySelector(".prev");
prevBtn.onclick = prevSlide;

// Show the Image as the Page Loads;
updateImageAndDot();
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

codepen

Wrapping Up

I hope you enjoyed the article, if yes then don't forget to press ❤️. You can also bookmark it for later use. It was fun to make this slider and If you have any queries or suggestions don't hesitate to drop them. See you.

You can extend your support by buying me a Coffee.😊👇
buymecoffee

You might be interested in -

Latest comments (32)

Collapse
 
krakoss profile image
krakoss •

Very nice and clean. Thanks for this article.

Collapse
 
idmlover profile image
Pawan •

If I use this image slider on my blog IDMLover, how much it effect the page speed. 🙄

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

I haven't checked it for the website, but if you want to do that, then you can use it in the local environment first and then check the performance of the page using this code in the website. The page loading speed could be different based on image resolution and sizes.

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

Thanks mate

Collapse
 
garrysmithers profile image
garrysmithers • • Edited

Can i use this on my Xmas Sale website?

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

Sure absolutely

Collapse
 
mathiasdahl profile image
mathiasdahl •

For my own learning, is there a reason why you sometime use a normal function definition and sometime define a constant using an anonymous function? For example prevSlide.

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

No, there is no reason at all. You can use either function definition or the const one.

Collapse
 
jeel2308 profile image
CT7567T •

One suggestion: you should try to implement this using class. It will be more structured.

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

Could you please elaborate more?

Collapse
 
jeel2308 profile image
CT7567T • • Edited

Like you can create a class that will implement all these carousel utils. If you want to implement multiple carousels, then it will be helpful as all share same logic, only css identifiers will be different

Thread Thread
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

It could be possible, I am not sure though but I'll look into it, btw thanks for the suggestion.

Collapse
 
muhammad_asif profile image
Muhammad Asif •

few months ago, I made this project beautifully with short Code

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

Oh that's cool, you can attach the link so more people can see it. 👍

Collapse
 
prathamesh0806 profile image
mr_prathamesh0806 •

It's a nice work man.

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

👍

Collapse
 
tsolan profile image
Eugene •

Not really slider, better if images had translateX property to be animated (IMHO ofc)
And it's not a good practice to spam event handlers on the same elements inside a common parent - use event delegation instead.
But still good work!

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

Thanks for the tip man. 👍

Collapse
 
paulobcss profile image
Paul O'Brien •

Good work though I notice a slight bug if you click the same 'dot' twice and the screen goes blank. I think you need to check whether the same button has been clicked and do nothing.:)

Collapse
 
krakoss profile image
krakoss •

Hello, I have implemented this check with the following code

// It helps to move the dot, it take "index" 
//as parameter and update the slideIndex
function moveDot(index) {
  slideIndex = index;
  const activeSlide = slides.querySelector("[data-active]");
  const nextPrevSlide = slides.children[slideIndex - 1];
    if(activeSlide !== nextPrevSlide)
        updateImageAndDot();
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Sorry for my english

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

I don't face this problem, but I'll look into it, if I found any. Thanks for the feedback. 👍

Collapse
 
paulobcss profile image
Paul O'Brien • • Edited

If it helps it happens to me in both Chrome and Firefox.

Screenshot attached.

Thread Thread
 
paulobcss profile image
Paul O'Brien •

Just checked on PC and a Mac in Firefox and Chrome on both (and Safari and ios on mobile) and it still doesn't work properly. It's not really usable in its current state and I suggest you test again.

Just click the current dot nav again (or another dot twice) and you will see that the displayed image scales to zero leaving a blank screen - that is not a nice effect. You then have to click again to bring it back.

The problem is evident on all browsers.

Thread Thread
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma • • Edited

Oh I see, I'll fix that ASAP. Thanks mate.

Collapse
 
dome68 profile image
Domenico •

Really beautiful, nice work.

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma • • Edited

Thanks mate. :)

Collapse
 
jovialcore profile image
Chidiebere Chukwudi •

Amazing. Thanks for sharing

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

Thanks mate.

Collapse
 
tim012432 profile image
Timo •

Very nice and clean. Thanks for this article.

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

I'm glad you liked it. :)

Collapse
 
amisha2002 profile image
Amisha Kulkarni •

Thanks for sharing

Collapse
 
j471n profile image
Jatin Sharma •

:)

View full discussion (33 comments)

Read next

arize99 profile image

How to make the search bar focus using JavaScript

arize -

hemanth profile image

Updates from the 101th TC39 meeting

hemanth.hm -

dinesh-se profile image

Download Google Docs as a PDF from the shared link

Dinesh Haribabu -

muhammadazfaraslam profile image

Managing Global State with useReducer and Context API in Next JS 14

Muhammad Azfar Aslam -